4. The correct answer is (E). By the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783), Great Britain acknowledged
the independence of the United States. In addition, Britain acknowledged the claim of the United
States to the territory west to the Mississippi River from Florida to Canada. Britain also agreed to
allow United States fishermen to fish on and off the coast of Canada and agreed to evacuate the
territory of the United States without taking American property. The United States in turn promised
that it would not interfere with the attempts of British creditors to collect debts from American debt-
ors and that Congress would recommend to the states that they take steps to restore the rights of
Loyalists (this recommendation, however, was largely ignored). So choices (A) through (D) are pro-
visions of the treaty; (E), however, is not.
5. The correct answer is (D). In 1881, under the leadership of Booker T. Washington, the Tuskegee
Institute for vocational training began providing training for blacks. Until the turn of the century,
Washington was widely regarded as the spokesperson for blacks. He argued that black people should
resign themselves to social and political segregation because the force of racism was too strong to
attack directly. By his theory, if black people were to concentrate on economic advancement, social
and political equality would naturally follow. W.E.B. DuBois categorically rejected this philosophy.
Such a policy, according to DuBois, was merely a different form of slavery. It would serve only to
supply “a voteless herd to run the machines and wash the dishes for the new aristocracy.” In The Souls
of Black Folk (1903), DuBois argued in favor of educating a “talented tenth,” a black intellectual
elite. In 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed,
and DuBois became its director of research and publications.
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