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22. The correct answer is (C). The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1919)
provides that “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors . . . for beverage pur-
poses is hereby prohibited” and gives “Congress and the several States . . . concurrent power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” The legislation enacted by Congress to enforce the
prohibition was the Volstead Act (1919), which defined “intoxicating liquors” as any beverage con-
taining more than 0.5 percent alcohol.
Two factors made it particularly difficult to enforce this law. One, demand continued. In fact, many
people who favored Prohibition were opposed to the consumption of hard liquor but not wine and beer.
Yet, the definition of the Volstead Act–more than 0.5 percent–covered those beverages as well. Two, the
law made the manufacture but not the consumption of alcoholic beverages illegal. As a consequence,
“bootlegging”–the illegal manufacture and distribution of alcoholic beverages–was widespread.
23. The correct answer is (C). Approximately 3.5 million persons immigrated from southeastern Europe
during the period cited. Of the regions listed here, the United Kingdom is second with fewer than a
million immigrants. Of all regions of the world, Italy was second with more than 3 million immigrants.
24. The correct answer is (E). Rhode Island was founded in 1635 by Roger Williams, a Puritan minis-
ter who was forced out of Massachusetts because of his religious and political views. Virginia was
founded by the Virginia Company, a business venture. New Jersey was founded by two men who
were interested primarily in land speculation. Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe, who viewed
the colony as a refuge for imprisoned debtors. New York was obtained from the Dutch by conquest.
25. The correct answer is (E). In 1901, following the assassination of President McKinley, Vice Presi-
dent Theodore Roosevelt became President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1908, Roosevelt declined to run
for a second full term, and the Republican National Convention, acting on Roosevelt’s recommenda-
tion, nominated Roosevelt’s secretary of war and then good friend, William Howard Taft. The Demo-
crats nominated William Jennings Bryan for a third and final try at the presidency. As the chart
shows, Taft prevailed. Between 1908 and 1912, Roosevelt became increasingly disenchanted with
Taft, and in 1912 Roosevelt made another run for the presidency. Taft, however, was given the Re-
publican nomination and Roosevelt bolted the party to form the Progressive party, nicknamed the
Bull Moose party. This split the Republican vote and gave the election to the Democrats.