Lesson 7
176
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
14. The correct answer is (C). In the decades before 1848, conditions had developed that were condu-
cive to revolution. The poor harvests and commercial depressions of the years immediately preceding
1848 brought these conditions to the critical point. In 1848, rioting Paris mobs forced Louis Philippe,
who occupied the throne of the limited monarchy, to flee France and the Second Republic was declared.
And, according to an observation attributed to Metternich, “When France sneezes, Europe catches cold.”
Before the end of the year, revolts had taken place in many other European countries. Only Russia was
immune to the virus.
15. The correct answer is (D). Phoenicia was a narrow strip of land, situated between the mountains
and the Mediterranean Sea, about 200 miles long and not much more than 20 miles wide. Its chief
cities were Tyre and Sydon. The Phoenicians (fl. 1250 B.C.) were highly skilled shipbuilders and
navigators and became seafaring traders. As traders and merchants, they developed an alphabet for
record keeping that replaced the cumbersome cuneiform alphabet.
16. The correct answer is (B). On one level, the conditions that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire
(1922) and those that led to the decline of Poland at the end of the eighteenth century were different. The
Sultan was a powerful despot who commanded service from the nobles. Thus, the central authority of the
government could only be maintained by powerful leadership. With the decline in leadership, provincial
leaders became stronger. A similar process took place in Poland. The Polish king, limited by a constitu-
tion, lacked the unfettered authority of a Sultan and was therefore unable to exert a strong control of the
great nobles who controlled various parts of the kingdom.
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