Analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the years of independence

a) all repairs of machines, equipment and machines by entrepreneurs
purchase;
b) all constructions;
c) changes in reserves .
the first group of elements in " investments" is clear, but the inclusion of the next element (construction) requires some explanation. It is obvious that the construction of a new factory, warehouse and elevator is a form of investment. But in the western national report, housing construction is also included in the investment category. It is argued that multi-apartment residential buildings are considered income generating assets as are factories and plants . In addition, rental and owner-occupied residential properties are classified as capital goods even if they are not rented out.
GDP includes the increase in reserves , that is, all products produced but not sold this year. In other words, GNP includes the market value of all the growth of reserves and needs during the year. If at the end of the year and at the beginning of the year more goods are accumulated in the warehouses and counters of the enterprise , this means that the economy has produced more products for consumption during this year.
This increase in reserves is added to GDP as an indicator of current output.
When the reserves are reduced, it should be deducted from the GNP. Depletion of inventories means that more goods were sold than were produced in the national economy during the year . In other words, the society will have consumed all the products produced in this year and, in addition, a part of the reserves left over from previous years.
Securities transferred from hand to hand and resale of existing assets are not included in investments. Because this transaction means that ownership of pre-existing assets is transferred from one person to another .
The concept of gross, private and domestic investments is used in the calculation of GNP in the system of national accounts. Private and domestic investment refers to investment spending by private and national companies, respectively. Gross investments include production of all capital goods designed to replace machinery, equipment, and devices consumed in the current year's production, as well as any net additions to capital in the economy. Gross investments essentially consist of the amount of capital consumed and the increased part of investments. On the other hand, the concept of net private domestic investment is used to characterize the sum of investment goods added during the current year. Their difference can be explained more clearly in a simple example. Let's assume that in the economy of our Republic in 1995 500 bln. Soum investment goods
(means of production) be produced . But in the process of production of GNP this year, 400 bln. Machines , equipment and other investment goods were consumed. As a result, our economy received 100 billion in 1995. Accumulated capital value is added. Gross investments this year are 500 billion. Net investments amounting to only 100 billion soms . It amounts to soum . The difference between the two figures represents the cost of capital used and consumed in the production process of 1995 GNP.
between gross investments and amortization (the amount of capital consumed in the production process this year) is an indicator characterizing whether the economy is in a state of growth, stagnation or recession .
If gross investments exceed depreciation , the economy is in an upswing stage, and its production capacity increases. For example, as mentioned in our example above, gross investments in 1995 amounted to 500 billion. The amount of investment goods consumed in production is 400 billion soums . Organized soum . In this economy, 100 billion at the end of 1996 and 1997. Soum means that there are a lot of investment goods, and the increase in the supply of investment goods is the main means of increasing the production capacity of the economy.
reflects a situation where gross investment and depreciation are equal. In this economy , it means production of capital in the amount necessary to cover the means consumed in the process of production of GNI in this year . In other words, net investment will be approximately zero , and production capacity will not expand.
An unfavorable situation arises when gross investments are less than depreciation, that is, when capital is consumed more than it is produced in the economy. In such conditions, there will be a decrease in investments in the economy . This leads to the fact that the amount of capital at the end of the year is less than it was at the beginning of the year. For example, during the "Great Depression ", more precisely in 1933, gross investments in the United States totaled 1.6 billion. dol. capital consumed during the year - 7.6 bln. established USD. Thus, the net reduction of investments is 6 bln. was equal to USD .