Analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the years of independence

Non-financial enterprises or forms of production.

Households.

State administrative organizations.

Economic entities outside the borders of this country.

Market operations are divided into 3 large groups:

1. 
   Operations with goods and services (production, investment, consumption, import, etc.).
   
2. 
   Distribution operations (wages, benefits, social security payments, etc.)
   
3. 
   Financial operations (changes in monetary assets and liabilities, operations with currency and securities, credit operations, etc.)
   

The system of financial balances has a special place in the calculation of macroeconomic indicators . In this case, the resources and their use are shown in a two- way writing order through a table in the form of a balance sheet, that is, each operation has a payer and a receiver. This is why it is written once as resources and the second time as usage.
According to the method recommended by the UN statistical service, the movement of macroeconomic indicators is reflected at two levels: in the aggregate account, the movement of GNP, MD movement, financing of capital investments, operations with other countries; and a perfect account shows inter-sectoral relations, movement of incomes, their distribution and final use. An example of the aggregated account is the calculation of the gross national product by income and expenditure.
many macroeconomic indicators characterizing the level of economic development of society . Historically, at first priority was given to indicators characterizing the scale of development of material production areas . It is a completely natural point in the conditions of production where the cocktail used only in the preparation of useful products is recognized.
Based on this point of view, the British classical political economists divided all the labor in the national economy into two types:
1) A productive cocktail that creates material wealth and consumes it.
2) Productivity cocktail that does not create wealth, but only consumes it.
This theoretical basis is the basis for the production of the system of macroeconomic indicators and their distance ? over the years it has been used in many countries as a household practice.
these indicators in the economic analysis of the development of the material production sectors in the current period.
The development of production areas is characterized in the most general way - by the indicator of social product . All products created in the spheres of material production during a certain period of time (usually a year) constitute the total social product in terms of its value .
the economy of the whole nation consists of sectors that produce means of production and consumer goods, the material (natural product) composition of the total social product (GSP) consists of means of production and consumer goods. On the basis of such a division, the nature of consumption of the elements of the JIM composition is determined. The part of GDP consisting of means of production (machines, equipment, etc.) is used for production needs and therefore satisfies indirect consumption, while consumer goods (food, clothing, etc.) differ from them and satisfy direct needs. is used.
The network composition of JIM also differs. The composition of the GIM sector is expressed as a share of the products of certain sectors (industry, agriculture, etc. ) in it.
consists of the value of consumed means of production (S) and newly created value (V+m) .
Denoting JIM by W, then W is c+V+m .
consists of the necessary product, the value of two labor-powers (V) and the surplus product (m).
The JIM indicator has a significant drawback. When calculating it, the amount of material costs at all technological stages of production is considered several times
In other words:
JIM intermediate product + final product
Intermediate products include goods purchased for processing, processing and sale purposes.
consists of finished goods and services purchased for use by consumers .
the final product is exempt from the repeated calculation of the value of the items of production, it is equal to the sum of the annual depreciation allowances of the production equipment, the changed value is the result of the past production and was created in previous periods. Therefore, another summary indicator is needed to accurately assess the activity of material production employees in the current year . Such an indicator is considered the net national product.
is a part of the gross social product , which represents the value newly created during the year at the end of material production.
National income final product - depreciation two W-ChV+m
indicator characterizing the state of the entire national economy is the gross national product.
This indicator covers the final results of the economic activity of all economic units in the fields of tangible production and intangible services.
3. Growth of gross domestic product after independence.

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of final products and services produced in the national economy during one year .

So, GNI is the market value of all final products (services) produced in the national economy during the year. We know that not all products developed this year may be sold, some of them will fill the reserves . That is, when calculating the volume of GNP, any increase in reserves must be taken into account, because GNP includes all products (sold and unsold) of the current year.
correctly calculate the gross volume of national production , it is necessary to take into account all goods and services produced in this year. In order to eliminate the multiple counting of sold and resold products in finding the volume of GDP , the sum of added values created in all sectors of the economy is taken. In our example above (Table XVII-2) it is 250 s o' m.
Added value is the market value of the remaining part of the value of the product produced by the enterprise after deducting the cost of food and materials purchased and consumed from suppliers.
In other words , the added value is equal to the amount of the gross product of the enterprise minus the current material costs from the market price of the two produced products.
In the GNP, an attempt is made to calculate the annual volume of production of goods and services in the national economy. In order to achieve the intended goal, it is necessary not to take into account many unproductive transactions that are carried out in the economy during the year. There are two main types of bad deals. 1. Pure financial transactions. 2. Sale of stored goods.
Pure financial transactions, in turn, are divided into three main types: a) social payments from the state budget; b) special social payments; c) sale and purchase of securities.
State social benefits include social insurance payments made by the state to individuals and families, unemployment benefits, and veteran's benefits. An important feature of public social payments is that their recipients do not contribute to the creation of the current volume of production in response to these payments. So, let's go
was the result that led to an increase in this indicator for this year .
The inclusion of private social payments, for example, the monthly allowance received from a student's house in the GNP, will lead to the same result. Transactions with securities , for example, the volume of sales and purchases of shares and bonds, are also not included in the GNP . Because by deals do not directly increase current production.
involve double counting . For example, let's say you sold your 1985 car. This transaction should not be taken into account when determining the size of the GNP, because it does not go along with the increase in the current volume of production . Including the amount of sales of goods produced several years ago in the volume of the GNP of the previous year will lead to an artificial increase in the production volume of this year.
, along with the GNP, there are a number of interrelated indicators that can be calculated based on the indicator of the annual production volume, which characterize different regions of the national economy .
The GDP indicator includes net exports, the difference between exports and imports. But the weight of foreign trade activities varies greatly in different countries. Therefore, the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator is used to compare the level of development of the national economy internationally . GDP is the market value of final products and services produced in the territory of the country for a certain period of time (one year). It comes out as the sum of the values added by all manufacturers . If the GNP is given , it is the balance of payments balance
(the difference between exports and imports ) is determined by subtracting GDP.
have one major drawback as an indicator of the gross volume of production . They also include the value necessary to accumulate the replacement used in the production process in the current year .
means the sum of the total value of products and services provided in a particular country during the year . In fact, GDP growth , which incorporates changes in all sectors of the economy , population growth, their real incomes and expenses, money circulation and inflationary processes, foreign trade turnover and other similar macroeconomic indicators It reflects the country's development.
, the head of state noted that 2012 was a turning point for our country in terms of macroeconomic situation . So, what are the main factors of economic growth?
It is known that on the eve of independence, the economy of the republic was in a very sad state. During the former union, Uzbekistan developed unilaterally, mainly focused on the supply of raw materials. In addition, the total supply and demand within the country was out of balance. In front of us was the difficult task of fundamentally renewing the entire economic management system and facing the world community dominated by market relations. The old views prevented it, of course.
No one would give even a single soum in vain. But our people are hardworking, bravely overcome all difficult trials and difficulties, have strong pride and honor. Based on its national characteristics, reforms were carried out gradually and consistently. This period was not easy. Attempts to turn us away from the chosen path of development, bloody aggressions are in our memory. In such a difficult situation, all attention was focused on improving the welfare of the people and increasing the volume of the gross domestic product.
These, first of all, created the basis for increasing our economic potential. Strengthening the fuel and energy base, improving the supply of consumer goods , bringing the industry out of economic recession, strengthening the transport and communication system, rational use of available mineral raw materials and labor resources, serving to solve such vital issues as social protection of the population. did
which were carried out step by step and consistently with the hope of bright future, have not gone to waste . Finally, our national economy has shown a steady growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) from year to year .
The results of 1997 are particularly noteworthy. In that year, compared to 1996, GDP growth was 5.2 percent, and for the first time, this indicator exceeded the growth rate of the republic's population. As a result, GDP per capita increased by 3.2 percent.