Analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the years of independence

Labor cost (necessary product) 1956.7 billion soums (38.4%)
Gross profit (additional product) with mixed income is 2205.9 bln sum (9.4%)
Net taxes 480.7 billion soums (9.4%)
Let's take a closer look at the separate types of income and expenses (depreciation and indirect taxes) included in the GDP .
Most types of capital have a useful life of more than a few years. The costs of purchasing capital goods and their useful life do not coincide in practice. As a result, on the one hand, in order to prevent the decrease of profit and, therefore, the total income during the period of purchase, and on the other hand, the increase of profit and gross income in the following years, individual warehouses calculate the useful life of investment goods and distribute their total value equally to the entire service life. The value of the capital consumed during the production process and transferred to the product being created during the year is called amortization.
is divided annually by types of capital . For example, the cost of a loom is 5 million soums, and its service life is 10 years. The annual depreciation allowance is 0.5 million soums (5:10).
Depreciation allowance is included in the cost of production (GDP) this year as production costs, returns in the form of money as a result of the sale of the product, and accumulates at the expense of the depreciation fund . The funds of this fund are used to restore the used capital, that is, to buy new investment goods and restore existing ones (capital repair and restoration). It is also a source of credit resources and expansion of production.
revenue collection arises because the government collects a certain tax from enterprises, and they are called business indirect taxes. Businesses treat it as a production cost and therefore add it to the price of the product.
Such taxes include excise duties, sales taxes, property taxes, license and customs fees.
consists primarily of wages , which are paid by entrepreneurs and the state to those who provide their cocktails. It includes many supplements to the salary, in particular, social insurance payments of entrepreneurs and various private funds of benefit provision, unemployment benefits and various other supports . These wage supplements appear as part of the cost of hiring labor and therefore are considered as an element of the enterprise's total expenditure on wages.
Rent payments are the income of households that provide the economy with resources (capital, land) and are part of the company's expenses. Interest consists of money income payments on the money capital of a private business .
payments made by the state are deducted from interest income.
Income from property is divided into two types : one part is called property income and the income of the non-corporate business sector, and the other part is called the profit of corporations. Income of the non-corporate business sector refers to the net income of privately owned, partnership and cooperative enterprises.
Corporations' profits can be used in three ways. First, the state is the claimant for a certain part and receives it in the form of taxes in favor of corporations. Second, the rest of the profit is paid to shareholders in the form of dividends . Third, the remaining portion after income tax and dividend payment is called retained earnings of the enterprise. This undistributed profit of the cooperative is used for the purpose of construction of facilities and purchase of equipment, together with allocations for recovery of consumed capital (depreciation allocation).
3. Nominal and real gross national product and social welfare.
GNI is the market value of all final goods and services produced during the year, or in other words, the market price. Bajo is used as the most common indicator of bringing various elements of the total volume of production to a single common basis . It is possible to compare the value of GNP produced in different years only if the price does not change. In addition, the price level allows us to know whether inflation ( increase in price level) or deflation (decrease in price level) has taken place in the economy and what is its scale.
The grade level is expressed in the form of an index. The price index is calculated by comparing the sum of prices of a certain group of goods and services in the current year with the sum of prices of similar goods and services in the base period.
The initial period of comparison is called "base year".
increase in the price index in the current year compared to previous years indicates inflation, and a decrease indicates deflation.
GNI reflects both the change in the quantity of goods produced and the change in the price level at the same time.
This means that the amount of GNP is affected by the change in the physical size of the entire product and the price level. But people's standard of living depends primarily not on prices, but on the amount of goods produced and available to individuals and families .
the GNP indicator , we come to such a situation that, taking information about GNP from the report sets for different years, the increase in nominal GNP in a certain year is to some extent a change in the volume of production on the one hand, and on the other hand we cannot say that it happened due to the change. The problem is that
the value indicator of GNP so that it clearly reflects the change in the physical volume of the product (not the prices). The way to overcome these difficulties is as follows: to reduce the physical indicator of GNP, taking into account the increase in prices, and on the contrary, to increase it when prices fall .
This adjustment allows us to get an idea of the size of GNP in different years, keeping prices and currency exchange rates unchanged. GNP calculated at current prices and exchange rates is called nominal GNP . GDP calculated at constant exchange rates, taking into account inflation (increase in prices) or deflation ( fall in prices) is called real GDP.
more direct way to convert nominal GNI to real GNI in a current year is to divide nominal GNI by the price index, which looks like this:
Nominal GDP / Bajo index real GDP,
In conclusion, using the real GNI indicator is different
the total production value of the years is calculated and compared . Due to the fact that real GNI is calculated in constant prices, it characterizes the change in the real size of the economy more clearly than the nominal GNI.
In the calculation of GNI (GDP), both sectors, material and non-material production
taking into account the results of the release, it cannot fully characterize social violence . This is explained by the fact that it is not possible to take into account a number of situations and activity results in the GNI indicator .
These include:

• 
  by housewives in the household and agricultural workers in the homestead.
  
• 
  the works of intellectual workers (scientists, scientific workers) not expressed in the form of a finished product; - barter start-ups;
  
• 
  reduction of working time (days) and increase of free time ;
  
• 
  improvement of description of the quality of products and services;
  
• 
  changes in gross product composition and distribution ;
  
• 
  change in output per capita ; - Hufena economy income.
  

try to hide their income from a number of hidden activities . In addition, those who are employed in the open economy can hide part of their income.
may not declare a part of his income from the sale of products, the income that the worker agrees to pay in cash without registration or in the declaration.
The higher the inflation rate and the higher the taxes , the lower the real income in the hands of individuals, which increases their interest in receiving income through the exchange of cash or in-kind goods. Although there are no official data on the scale of the underground economy , most estimates indicate that its size is 5-15% of the GDP, and in some countries it is 30-40%. In addition, there is evidence to confirm that the informal economy grows faster than the formal economy. Finally, the more the population is involved in the underground economy or activity, the more income is hidden from tax records, leading to an overstatement of official unemployment data. The results of the shadow economy and hidden activities are not taken into account in GNP and therefore reduce its real size.
, there are factors affecting the GNP, which may not lead to an increase in the welfare of the society as a result of their influence . For example, GNI production
release and its growth are accompanied by a negative impact on the environment. These are air and water pollution, noise, harmful emissions and other types of environmental damage. It is self- evident that emissions related to environmental pollution have a negative impact on economic well-being. Expenditures for eliminating environmental pollution related to the production of GNI are currently not excluded from gross production, and thus GNI increases the level of material productivity. The larger the GNP , the higher the pollution and overestimation of the GNP.
LIST OF REFERENCES USED

1. Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. T.: Uzbekistan, 2001. 39 p. ( with changes and additions)

2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Budget System". 14.12.2000 ( with changes and additions)
3. " On treasury execution of the state budget"" of Uzbekistan
Law of the Republic. 26.08.2004. (with changes and additions)
4. Malikov TS, Haydarov NX Budget revenues and expenses. -
Tashkent: "ECONOMY-FINANCE", 2007. 22. Malikov TS, Haydarov NX State budget.- Tashkent: "ECONOMY-FINANCE", 2007.
5. Z. Srojiddinova . Budget system of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
"infoCOM.UZ". Tashkent-2015.
6. Z. Srojiddinova . Inter-budget relations. "infoCOM.UZ".
Tashkent-2010.
7. Kasimova G., Shoakramov K. Local budgets. Study guide.
- T.: "Finance", 2017.
8. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Strategy of Actions for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" February 5, 2017