Andijon davlat chet tillar instituti

1.Common (proper) translation. Ex. to sleep - спать; flower - цветок.
2.Translation-interpretation. Ex. to go - ехать, идти, лететь (движение от говорящего), education - воспитание, образование.
The choice of ways and techniques is a very important factor as it influences pupils’ assimilation of words.
The choice of the way for conveying the meaning of a word depends on the following factors:

1. 
   Psychological factors:
   

1. 
   pupils’ age: the younger the pupils are the better is the chance for the use of the direct way;
   
2. 
   pupils’ intelligence: the brighter the child the more direct the way.
   

2. 
   Pedagogical factors:
   

1. 
   the stage of teaching (junior, intermediate, senior)
   
2. 
   the size of the class; in overcrowded classes the translation is preferable because it is economical from the standpoint of time required for presentation, so more time is left for pupils to do exercises in using the word.
   
3. 
   the time allotted to learning the new words; when the teacher is pressed for time he turns to the translation;
   
4. 
   the qualifications of the teacher: the use of the direct way requires much still on the part of the teacher.
   

The direct way is usually a success provided the teacher can skilfully apply audio-visual aids and verbal means.

3. 
   Linguistic factors
   

1. 
   abstract or concrete notions: for conveying the meaning of abstract notions the translation is preferable;
   
2. 
   extent (range) of meaning in comparison with that of the Uzbek language: in cases where range of meaning of a word does not coincide in the mother tongue and in the target language the translation-interpretation should be used (e.g. education).