Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Definition of disease.Bradzot (from Norse brad - sudden, instant, sott - disease, lightning death) is an acute, extremely fast-acting non-contagious toxic infection of sheep and goats, characterized by general intoxication of the body, hemorrhagic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the abomasum and duodenum. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by the formation of necrotic foci in the liver.

The causative agent of the disease.The main causative agent of this disease is Clostridium [Cl.] septicum and Cl. oedematines. Often associated with them is Cl. gigas, Cl. Sordelli, Cl. perfringens. Cl. gigas enhances the pathogenic properties of the main causative agents of sheep fumes. Cl. septicum produces at least four exotoxins.

Pathogenesis.Until now, little is known how the causative agent of bradsitis penetrates the wall of the abomasum and small intestine and under what circumstances the process occurs. Cl. septicum is a permanent inhabitant of the digestive tract of herbivores. If the secretory and motor activity of the intestine Cl. septicum begins to multiply rapidly and releases a large amount of toxin, which causes a general disease of the animal with all the clinical manifestations of bradsitis. If the permeability of the mucous membranes of the abomasum and duodenum is impaired, Cl. septicum penetrate into the thickness of the mucous membrane, where, multiplying, they also release a strong toxin. Slowly absorbed, the toxin affects parenchymal organs. CNS and causes general poisoning of the animal’s body. Before an animal dies, microbes enter the bloodstream.

Clinical and epizootological features.The disease mainly affects sheep, mainly under the age of two years. Some authors distinguish two forms of bradzot - pasture and stall. The first is more often observed among adult animals (under grazing conditions), the second affects mainly young animals aged 3-7 months (during the period of stall keeping). The occurrence of the disease is facilitated by cooling the body. Particularly large epizootics occur in rainy years.

Sheep fever often occurs at lightning speed. When driving a flock out of a sheepfold or on the way to a pasture, the sheep, one by one, suddenly fall to the ground and die within 20-30 minutes, and sometimes within 2-8 hours, with symptoms of severe convulsions, sharp redness of the conjunctiva and mild tympany.
In case of hyperacute flowbradzota, an increase in body temperature (39.5-40.50C), anxiety, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, and the release of foamy saliva mixed with blood from the oral cavity are observed. The animal grinds its teeth, loses appetite, chewing cud stops, breathing quickens, bloody fluid flows from the nasal and oral cavities, and sometimes bloody diarrhea and tympany are observed.
In some cases, severe agitation and anxiety are noted: the animal moves spasmodically; the period of excitement is replaced by general weakness, breathing becomes difficult.
Sometimes bradsot takes on a protracted course. Body temperature rises to 40.6-410C, breathing quickens to 76 beats per minute, heart rate - 100-104 beats. A mucous-foamy transparent liquid flows from the oral cavity. The conjunctiva is hyperemic, the animal is excited, rushes forward; there is a frequent urge to urinate, and bloating is detected. Before death, the body temperature decreases, the animal shudders, then suddenly falls and makes manege movements with its limbs. The disease lasts 12-14 hours.
Bradzot caused by Cl. oedematiens, lasts 8-12 hours, sometimes a day and is almost no different from bradsote caused by Cl. septicum. The only difference is that when Cl. oedematiens animal dies, buried in the ground; As a result of venous hyperemia, the serous membranes acquire a bluer tint.

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