Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Topic: Echinococcosis and Coccidiosis

Objectives of the topic: To train students on the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of the disease echinococcosis. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, gematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological preparation and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance.1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Stain normal sections. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

Lesson content. This is a long-term helminthiasis that affects the small intestines of dogs, wolves and foxes. Echinococcosis occurs in sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and other livestock. People with this disease also get sick. Livestock infected with echinococcosis have less hair, no twins, fewer twins, and reduced productivity. Echinococcosis develops in the presence of an intermediate host. Dogs and wolves parasitize the echinococcosis tapeworm in the small intestine of foxes and cause intestinal echinococcosis. Tens, hundreds and thousands of hydatid bands parasitize the small intestines of dogs, wolves and foxes infected with echinococcosis. The joints and tissues of Echinococcus in dogs interfere with their feces and are released into the environment. These joints crawl like worms and lay eggs on grass, hay and water. The intermediate host is sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses and other animals that ingest Echinococcus eggs along with feed or water. In the small intestine of the animal, these eggs produce an echinococcal embryo, which passes from the intestinal wall to the blood vessels, passes through the blood into the liver and becomes an echinococcal vesicle. The oncospheres, which travel from the liver to the blood vessels, pass through the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs, where the echinococcal vesicle develops. When the oncosphere passes through the blood vessels of the lungs, it spreads to all tissues and organs through the systemic bloodstream, where it becomes an echinococcal vesicle. This gallbladder is particularly damaged by the liver and lungs and to a lesser extent by other tissues and organs. Echinococcus larvae are vesicular in shape, ranging in size from a pea to a human head. The outside of the bladder is surrounded by a layered, colorless white membrane, and the scolex develops inside and outside the sac, filling the bladder.
Macroscopic view.
The bases of echinococcal vesicles develop in the liver and lungs, causing tissue atrophy and dysfunction. An organ severely damaged by an echinococcal bladder completely atrophies and the animal dies. When the liver is severely damaged by echinococcosis, the ability to produce bile is impaired. It also disrupts the digestion process in animals infected with echinococcosis. Excessive enlargement of the liver limits the movement of the diaphragm, compresses the esophagus and hepatic veins. Usually echinococcosis is very large, when the liver and lungs are affected at the same time, the lungs weigh 8-10 kg or even 32 kg, and the liver weighs from 16-20 kg to 50 kg.
Microscopic view.
Microscopic examination reveals loops and calcified bodies of the cyclolicus, called echinococcal vesicles. It is found in pigs and lambs and is less common in cattle. In some cases, a double layer of echinococcal vesicles appears. It's full of liquid. But there will be no scoliosis. Inside the bladder is a light red serum. The bladder is missing and the serum membrane, a layer of connective tissue, is visible.