Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Contents of the lesson:dystrophiccells and tissue as a result of metabolic disorders, chemical composition, physical properties and are said to disrupt the morphological appearance. The final products of substances or cells are characterized by decreasing or increasing articles.
Causesinternal and external factors (nutrition, health conditions, mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, that is, infections, poisoning, internal secretory gland diseases, diseases of the nervous system).
Dystrophic changes in factors influencing the nature of strength and duration depend on body position.
Dystrophic changes in most diseases are rare, but sometimes the nature of the diseases is common.
Pathogenesis:The basis of modern theories of degenerative processes lies in metabolism and cellular tissue injury explains. In this case, qualitatively and quantitatively changed metabolic products accumulate in the tissues and their structure is disrupted.
Dekompozisiya- cell and tissue proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals undergo complex changes. The reason for this process is poisoning, a change in temperature, as a result of which complex biological compounds in the cell change shape and break down into simple compounds. Another protein denaturasiyasi simple phrase, such complex compounds are formed (resulting in the formation of amyloid valves).
Infiltration(from Latin, pathological cells and tissues through the blood and lymphatic flow from the collection of product exchange, Acquisition said.
Transformation- a chemical substance into other substances. For example: converting fats and carbohydrates into protein or storing proteins and carbohydrates into fat and storing them.
Morphological signs of dystrophy.Most of the cells in the tissues and cells in muscular dystrophy, the grains appear to be in the form of droplets, which is absent normally. Some type of dystrophy of cells and tissues of combinations of quantitative and qualitative changes
Amyloid dystrophy oramyloidosis, colorless starch - amyloidosis is characterized by the accumulation of starch (amilum-). Amyloid protein, fibrilyar structure.
Amyloid walls of small blood vessels, glands in the path of reticular fibers, personal bridges between cells and cells can be collected amyloid pulp, collected in the path of reticular fibers, blood vessel walls." Amyloidosis, spleen of various shapes. Amyloid is observed only atrophy and erosion into the follicle structure.
Macroscopic view.Spleen size, can be 14 kg in horses, dough-like consistency, cats and humans, cut out red -colored fat, easy to use shape. When cutting, a glossy, granular, appearance of roasted grain is formed. Amyloidosis of the follicles, as well as other parts of the cellulose, is called diffuse amyloidosis, in violation of all pul'pa structures.
Microscopic appearance:small size from the mirror, various forms of light - red mass of follicles. The structure of the follicles is partially or completely damaged. A large mirror of homogeneous or fibrillar amyloid structure and atrophy in the reticular cells. The wall of the central artery is thickened.
The cell response occurs after injury. The development of injury depends on many factors that affect the cell and disrupt homeostasis. First, cellular organelles are damaged. As a result, the structure of organelles is disrupted. The sharp difference from hemostasis leads to cell collapse. Protection of the cell from dystrophy leads to adaptation of impressions.
Amyloidosis is a mirror of everyone in the pulp collected from the walls of maturation and do not see the difference. You can determine that the follicles remain the central artery and lymphocytes. Amyloid also partially accumulates in the trabeculae.
In a large mirror, the amyloid appears to be uniformly hungry in the reticular fiber tract - red in color or fibrillar in structure. The central one is expanded due to the thickness of the artery wall, lymphocytes atrophy and mismanagement

Topic: - Colloid dystrophy of the thyroid gland - 2 hours.Topic objectives: To teach students the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of dystrophy using the example of the thyroid gland

Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hematoksilin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological specimen No. 2.1 and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance. 1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from the kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery. 3. Paraffin blocks are made. 4. Paint normal cuts. 5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. 6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations.

This pathological hypersecretion of dystrophy and colloids at the fusion of glandular follicles and atrophied epithelial cells is characterized by decay.
Colloid dystrophy is a structural change in tissue as a result of changes in the chemical composition and physical properties of protein. This process represents the equation between protein synthesis and protein breakdown.
the disorder is caused by the accumulation of substances foreign to the body in the tissues.
Cellular, intercellular and mixed dysproteinoses are distinguished depending on the localization of residual substances formed as a result of disturbances in protein metabolism.
Macroscopic view.Enlarged to the size of the thyroid gland, the consistency is solid, the surface is rough, when cut, cavities filled with colloids of different sizes are visible. Colloidal yellow, brown color. Such a change often occurs in goiter or B azedova disease (in dogs, cattle).
Under a microscope: inA small microscope mirror shows follicular cavities filled with a round or round-oval, light red homogeneous mass. The gaps are limited by walls. The gaps formed as a result of the rupture of several follicles are visible.
However, in a large mirror you can see dystrophic and atrophic changes in the glandular epithelium. Reduces to cell size. The cytoplasm contains granular proteins, the nucleus is not wrinkled, and the cell border is indistinguishable. E The walls of the ollicle are thin, consisting only of thin connective tissue. In some follicles, epithelial cells have been preserved, which are increased in size, in the cytoplasm there is a fine-grained pale red colloid, the nucleus is moved to the side. Cells torn from the follicle wall are also visible. They are swollen, round, colloidal from the cytoplasm, the nucleus is indistinguishable. The process of formation of new follicles is visible - hyperplasia. Ho injured Porcupine organelles, which is the structure of the organelles is disrupted. A sharp difference from hemostasis, distance, leads to cell collapse. Protection of the cell from dystrophy leads to adaptation of impressions.