Animal anatomy, histology, pathological anatomy

Topic: Fatty liver degeneration - 2 hours

Objectives of the topic: To teach students the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of dystrophy, such as the liver. Visual equipment and instruments: Organ, microtome, block window box, hemotoxylin, eosin. Alcohol, xylene, paraffin, microscopy, histological specimen No. 16 and museum preparations Purpose of the lesson: Study of microscopic and macroscopic appearance.1. Working pieces of pathological material will be cut from kidneys and skeletal muscles. 2. The particles are washed and dehydrated in an alcohol battery.3. Paraffin blocks were made.4. Paints normal cuts.5. Sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes.6. Macroscopic changes are studied using museum preparations. Fatty degeneration is a morphological change in tissue as a result of impaired fat metabolism. When there is a violation of fat metabolism, the cytoplasm of cells or parenchymal fat cells or cells of metabolic disorders - fat metabolism as a result of violations of klechatkalarida oil and can be mixed. Depending on the mechanism of development, it will be divided into: infiltrative and degenerative degeneration of oil rights. Cellular or parenchymal fatty degeneration - accumulation fat in the cells of some organs (liver, kidneys) as a result of a violation of cellular fat metabolism, which usually accumulates less fat in the cytoplasm of cells, the complete absence of fat (myocardium, skeleton) in muscles, nervous tissue, or abnormal areas) is characterized by accumulation in fat, which has chemical content. The reason is the lack of carbohydrates and proteins, choline, metioning, due to the lack of amino acids, vitamin B 12. Fatty degeneration in most cases with granular protein degeneration. (in anemia, phosphorus, chloroform poisoning). Normally, fats (neutral fats) accumulate in the body under the skin, in the intestinal mucosa, and in the epicardium. Fat metabolism disorder, fat accumulation, as a rule, the chemical composition of fat accumulates in places of bo'zilishiyog dystrophy. Infiltrasiyasida structure of intact normal cells, fatty droplet of fat accumulation and assimilyasiya slows down the process. This processor. Degenerasiyasida fat accumulates in fat cells in the patient's droplets, in the nucleus and cytoplasm of deterioration structures, decay throughout the cell. Dekompozisiya protein binding in the cytoplasm appears, and this is characterized by the accumulation of fat. This is an irreversible process. Fat drop Sudan III red, sharlaxrotomda colored black or brown, Osliyev acid. Development mechanism. Infiltrasiyasi (fat cells accumulate metabolic products), through which blood and lymph are characterized by the accumulation of fat in the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes characterized by the formation of fatty carbohydrates and proteins. In most cases, fatty degeneration of the cytoplasm assimilyasiya results in a reduction in the process. Fatty, along with the development of exogenous factors will influence endogenous causes. Cell structure cortex fat, protein, fat deposits dekompozisiya result from fatty degeneration develops. Lipofanerosis - the development of fatty degeneration of the above processes, as well as the quality of the organ and tissue structure structure characteristics also plays a key role. The cytoplasm of cells in the liver accumulation of fat droplets leads to atrophy, the nucleus will be pushed aside and the cytoplasm of liver cells in the form of bracelets. Fatty livers nutmeg rub color, increases the size of the cut surfaces of the pork. In the kidneys - fatty degeneration, an increase in the size of the organ, then the color is gray - yellowish, then the cortex and core layers are mixed, then the cut surface becomes greasy. In the myocardium - the breakdown process leads to the development of fatty degeneration. - Hujayrayadrosining the end of the work and the body from fatty degeneration back into the storage process. If necrobiosis and necrosis processes develop in the cell cytoplasm, then fatty degenerations are characterized by cellular destruction. fatty degeneration. It is caused by a disruption in the metabolism of neutral fats and fatty acids in adipose tissue. Diseases kletchatkasida neutral oils and fat metabolism disorder wasting body and yog'lanishida time. Wasting (kaxeksiya) klechatkalarida oil is characterized by a decrease in total fat or organs characterized by the consumption of fats. Causes: animal starvation period for chronic diseases (tuberculosis), infectious diseases ( gastroenteritis caused by bronchopneumonia, tumor).Oil kletchatkalarida local fat reduction is called lipodystrophy. Interior of the secretory glands of the disease. As a result, the fat will form a tumor. All oil and fat kletchatkalarida is usually formed to be characteristic. Exogenous factors - when feeding animals with fatty foods for a long time, and their poor driving conditions, lack of oxygen can occur during feeding. Endogenous - the result of diseases of the nervous organs and internal secretory glands .Local oil or lipomatosis, which will be based on lies in the growth of adipose tissue, organs (kidneys, thyroid gland, atrophy, some of the lymph nodes, skeletal muscle atrophy).Cholesterol metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases arterosklerozga vessels. Shipwreck wall. The growth of connective tissue in the vascular wall, the process of hyaluronic acid leads to vasoconstriction of the intestinal tract. Macroscopic view. Liver size, light, - in support of yellow or golden yellow color. Fatty degenerasiya local untruth is to increase the size of the liver parenchyma, appears to be round or lattice-shaped, light beige in color, soft konsistensiyasi. Microscopic appearance. In a small mirror, the edges of the liver fragments are painted in a glossy color relative to the center. In these places, round cavities appear - cells of the cytoplasm of fat dissolved in alcohol. Liver cells are enlarged in size, round in shape, the nucleus is absorbed on the side. These cells are ring-like. In a large mirror we focus on the cell nucleus. They shrink in size and wrinkled gemotoksilikda are dark blue colored around the nucleus, atrophy is light red in the cytoplasm. Fat accumulation begins in the cells at the edge of the segment. Tiny fat droplets begin to accumulate in the cytoplasm and then they occupy the entire cytoplasm, pushing the nucleus to the side. Shrink the size of cells and capillaries. These processes are the focus of later works. The structure of the barriers seems to be disrupted. Small mirrors tusiqchalar structure disturbances, the cytoplasm of the liver cells in size, round shape, to'rsimonligi. There is a large mirror in the cell nucleus in the center; it is smaller and wrinkled - pyknosis. Some cells lack a dissolved nucleus - lysis. In the cytoplasm, however, these fibers consist of protein appearing to be reticulated