Applied Speech and Audio Processing: With matlab examples
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Applied Speech and Audio Processing With MATLAB Examples ( PDFDrive )
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- Audio analysis Bibliography
6.5. Summary
157 Voiced-Unvoiced (VU), UV or VUV. In English the pattern is far more random, but there is a pattern, and given sufficient raw material, it can be detected and used for classification. Finally the speech cadence is similar to syllabic rate but is effectively the rate at which words are spoken. Obviously this depends upon many factors, not least the length of words being spoken, however it maintains a surprisingly narrow range of about 2 Hz to 7 Hz for normal speech. This can be determined from the frequency of gaps between words. But this is not as easy as it may appear since the gaps themselves are often extremely difficult to detect automatically, and often practically non-existent. Some word patterns have longer gaps inside words than between them. We will touch upon some of these issues once again when we consider some different types of speech classification in Chapter 7. 6.5 Summary This chapter described the ‘analysis toolkit’ of standard techniques available to the audio engineer, along with the methods of integrating these techniques into an analysis system. The important aspect of pitch extraction for speech analysis was also discussed with reference to several useful techniques. Apart from speech, examples were given of some of these techniques applied to other non-speech audio signals, namely a musical instrument recording and animal noises. Next, in Chapter 7, several of the analysis and processing techniques presented to date will be integrated and used in more complex and advanced speech or audio processing algorithms. 158 Audio analysis Bibliography • Acoustic Analysis of Speech R. D. Kent (Singular, 2nd edition 2001) • Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music B. Gold and N. Morgan (Wiley, 1999) • Advances in Speech, Hearing and Language Processing Ed. W. A. Ainsworth (JAI Press, 1990) • Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics Ed. M. Kahrs (Springer, 1998) • Music: A Mathematical Offering D. Benson (Cambridge University Press, 2006) This book is a fascinating study of the close relationship between mathematics and music. Although not describing the practical computational analysis of sound or music, the theoretical background and methods of analysis and science of music and of musical instruments are well described. This book starts with the human ear, and progresses beyond the Fourier transform to music technology. |
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