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Pedagogical content knowledge and preparation of high school physics teachers
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- I. WHAT SHOULD THE TEACHERS KNOW A. Complex nature of teacher knowledge
Pedagogical content knowledge and preparation of high school physics teachers
Eugenia Etkina Graduate School of Education, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08904, USA 共Received 9 November 2009; published 31 August 2010 兲 This paper contains a scholarly description of pedagogical practices of the Rutgers Physics/Physical Science Teacher Preparation program. The program focuses on three aspects of teacher preparation: knowledge of physics, knowledge of pedagogy, and knowledge of how to teach physics 共pedagogical content knowledge— PCK 兲. The program has been in place for 7 years and has a steady production rate of an average of six teachers per year who remain in the profession. The main purpose of the paper is to provide information about a possible structure, organization, and individual elements of a program that prepares physics teachers. The philosophy of the program and the coursework can be implemented either in a physics department or in a school of education. The paper provides details about the program course work and teaching experiences and suggests ways to adapt it to other local conditions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.6.020110 PACS number 共s兲: 01.40.J⫺, 01.40.gb, 01.85.⫹f I. WHAT SHOULD THE TEACHERS KNOW? A. Complex nature of teacher knowledge Research in education demonstrates that the success of the current reform goals in K-12 science education depends on the preparation of teachers 关 1 , 2 兴. In addition to knowing the concepts and laws of physics and the methods of scientific inquiry 共this knowledge is called knowledge of content兲, teachers should be able to create learning environments in which students can master the concepts and the processes of science. Teachers should know how people learn, how memory operates, and how a brain develops with age 共this knowledge is called general pedagogical knowledge or the knowledge of how people learn 兲. Most importantly, teachers of a specific subject should possess special understandings and abilities that integrate their knowledge of this subject’s content and student learning of this content. This special knowledge, called pedagogical content knowledge 共PCK兲, distinguishes the science knowledge of teachers from that of scientists. Pedagogical content knowledge, defined by Shul- man as “the special amalgam of content and pedagogy that is uniquely the providence of teachers, their own special form of professional understanding …” 关关 3 兴, p. 8兴, has become a key word in teacher preparation and assessment. Another im- portant idea is that teaching science based on the methods advocated by current reforms is fundamentally different from how most teachers learned science themselves 关 4 兴; yet re- search indicates that teachers, unfortunately, tend to teach the way they have been taught 关 5 , 6 兴. The above arguments sug- gest that preparation of physics teachers should be a purpose- ful intellectual endeavor that needs to be carried out by pro- fessionals who possess strong expertise in the content area, can apply it to learning of physics and simultaneously have skills and experience in implementing the reformed way of teaching in a classroom. Download 231.88 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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