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Physical Structure of Wrestling
Lodges and Gymnasia: Ottoman Wrestling Lodges had to have 24 student rooms, 12 guest rooms and one sheikh room regardless of the size of the building. Cell and lodge terms were also used to define room. In addition, there were theoretical course classes, training area, bathhouse, bakery and kitchen under a roof titled Meeting Area for Board of Trustee. There was also a large grass pitch next to the lodges to enable people to wrestle in open area during summer times. Although there was no certain location for lodges, they were generally built next to the tomb of a famous wrestler. There was generally a storehouse next to Wrestling Lodges and food, other materials and fuel collected from associations and association incomes were stored in such storehouses [4,16]. Considering physical structure of Greek Gymnasia, it can be seen that the location was deemed important to be suitable for sport activities and requirements of military training. The location of gymnasia was selected as places under protected places and umbrage trees with abundant water. Although gymnasia were generally located on waterfront and riverbank (Tarsus youth gymnasion was built on the riverbank of Kydnos and Olympia gymnasion was built on the riverbank of Kladeos river), sometimes water channels were also built and storage was made in a tank as in Assos (Behramkale). In religious aspect, gymnasia were built affiliated to the sacred area of respected gods or local heroes of the city. Although people mostly worshipped Herakles and Hermes in these areas, Asklepios Вестник КГАФКиС - 5 0 - was also respected in gymnasia, where mental and body health mattered, and an Asklepios sacred area or temple mostly took place near gymnasion places [4,17]. In general; terms, it can be seen that gymnasia were located in different places in every city due to. various conditions and covered large structure islands. In addition, Hippodamos' planned urbanization shaped rectangular structure of gymnasia as well as other building structures. Although some gymnasia were built right in the middle of city centers (Nikaia-iznik Gymnasion), these areas were not usually located at the center [4,17,18]. Gymnasia had various rooms for physical training and general education in the end of Classical Age and Hellenistic Age and the different structure of the building included a peristyle hall [4,17]. Bathhouse tradition was added to gymnasia where great changes occurred in Rome Age and a new building type which unique to Rome culture emerged [17,18]. Trainings offered to wrestling lodges and gymnasia: Sheiks, taking place at the highest level of social hierarchy, controlled zawiyas by informing board of trustees. Sheiks trained wrestlers in traditional way and performed salawat during wrestling activities in the presence of the sultan [4,8,14].Ethnicity of the students accepted to the lodges was not taken into consideration. Being a lodge athlete would bring a huge prestige. There were some criteria to accept students to the lodges. Students were selected from young people aged 15-16 who were found acceptable according to their psychological, moral and physical performance during the wrestling performed in lodge regions [10,11]. Evliya Celebi reported that roboust, powerful, leader, talented and bright young people were accepted [4]. Giilbang-i Muhammedi, which is a Bekta§i ritual, was regularly performed under the leadership of Sheikh in the lodges at the beginning and then periodical trainings were performed in company with kudum and drum except for Fridays on behalf of Pir-yar-i Mahmud Veli (a Ghuzz Turk who built a wrestling school in 1221 in Hive province of Uzbekistan) who was accepted as p ir (founder) [8,12]. "Peace wrestling", which can be watched by public, was performed following the prayer on Fridays [4]. Tight-wearing ceremonies, which symbolize transition from traineeship to mastership,' were held in accordance with Ahi and Bekta§i rituals for wrestlers aged 17-20 [9,19]. Wrestlers were offered abundant food twice a day except for training and competition days. Students also received theoretical education along with a multi-dimensional athletics Download 471.83 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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