Like plosives, fricatives are restricted as they leave the body. We can use teeth, lips, or tongue to limit the flow of air. Unlike plosives, fricatives are longer sounds (you can sustain a fricative, like the phoneme / f /, but you can't sustain a plosive, like the phoneme / p /). Some fricatives have a hiss-like quality. These are called sibilants. In the English language, there are two sibilants: / s / and / z /. For example, sick, zip and sun. 3. Affricates - Affricates are also known as semi-plosives and are created by combining a plosive and a fricative consonant. There are two affricatives: / t ʃ / and / dʒ /.
- Both sounds are post-alveolar, which means we create them with the tongue behind the alveolar ridge (part of the palate just behind your upper teeth, before the hard palate). The sound / tʃ / is a voiceless affricate, while the sound / dʒ / is a voiced affricate.
4. Nasals - Nasal consonants, also known nasal stops, are made by blocking the airflow from the mouth, so it comes out of the nose instead. In nasal vowels, by contrast, the sound is generated by lowering the soft palate to allow the airflow out of both mouth and nose.
- The consonants / m, n, ŋ / are not caused by the nose, but by the tongue or lips that prevent the airflow. Because of the vibration of the vocal cords, we consider nasal consonants voiced.
5. Approximants - Without any contact, approximants are also known as frictionless continuants, created by air moving between the vocal organs. Approximants, also known as lateral sounds, are created by allowing the airflow to leave by the sides of the mouth.
- There are four approximant groups, as follows:
- Bilabial approximant: the sound is made by the lips almost closing but without any contact.
- With / w / in words like where wind and we.
- Palatal approximant: the sound is made by the middle of the tongue almost touching the palate.
- With / j / in words like yell, yes and you.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
