Asian development bank

Secondary Education

In 2001–2013, the coverage of school-age children by secondary general education was consistently high (98%–99.8%) due to Uzbekistan’s migration to mandatory, universal, and free education.²²⁰ the Commission on Juvenile affairs under the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of public education strictly monitors the school enrollment, especially in the7–9 year age group.²²¹

enrollment in primary education (grades 1–4) was near gender parity in 2016–2017, at 1,152,285 girls (48.4%) and 1,230,174 boys (51.6%). additionally, the cumulative number of students in grades 1–9 (secondary general education) achieved near gender parity (48.4% girls vs. 51.6% boys.²²² at the institutional level, females dominate the staff of secondary general education and the gender imbalance remained almost the same (71.2% in 2014 vs. 70.7%) in 2016).²²³

the specificity of gender representation in the sub-sector relates to certain categories where female teachers constitute 71% of the teaching staff.²²⁴ this is consistent with findings that many women work in education, indicating a stable trend and bias that schoolteachers should be women.

Figure 4 shows the gender balance in teaching staff in secondary general, secondary special and tertiary education.<sup>225

219</sup> the press Service of the Ministry of preschool education reported that in 2018, the size of the payment for the maintenance of children in public kindergartens and separate rates have been established for 9-hour pre-school groups for the city of tashkent, regional centers and cities subordinate to the region. Review.uz. Online edition. In Uzbekistan the Fee for Pre-school Education Reduced http://www.review.uz/novosti-main/item/12887-v-uzbekistane-snizhena-plata-za- detskij-sad-v-selskoj-mestnosti
²²⁰ United Nations development programme and Center for economic Research under the CoM of Uzbekistan. 2015. The National Report on Millennium Development Goals. Uzbekistan. http://www.cer.uz/upload/iblock/ad0/mdg_ru_13_04.pdf
²²¹ UNICeF. Uzbekistan. 2015. Overview of the Situation in Children. http://www.unicef.uz/ru/overview/children-situation. php tashkent. Uzbekistan.
²²² Ministry of public education of Uzbekistan. 2018. the data presented by UNICeF. Uzbekistan
²²³ data provided by the State Committee on Statistics to adB in april 2018 for this CGa update.
²²⁴ there is a positive trend of engaging female teachers in physical training: 8,725 women work as physical education teachers, trainers, and instructors for various sports in secondary schools, vocational colleges, institutions of higher learning, and sports societies. UN Committee on the elimination of all Forms of discrimination against Women. 2014. The Fifth Periodic Report of States parties. Uzbekistan. paras. 2, 3, 29, 40.
²²⁵ among 117,600 instructors, 57,501 (48.8%) are women, including 933 doctors of science or doctoral candidates. thus far, there are no sex-disaggregated statistics on specific areas of instruction. However, anecdotal data and observation of the general trends in education, particularly secondary special education, suggests that female teaching staff are concentrated mainly in the humanities, while male staff are concentrated in technical subjects and information technology.
70 Uzbekistan Country Gender Assessment Update

the management hierarchy in secondary general education reflects the common trend of vertical segregation of women in decision making: the higher the segment, position, and decision-making power in the sector, the lower the female representation.²²⁶ Overall, about 55% of females in primary schools are “directors,” and 96.6% of school directors in government- sponsored pre-schools are females. In secondary general schools, the ratio is over 20% lower and male directors dominate. table 10 shows the dynamics of gender breakdown in the management of secondary general schools.

employment in the education, particularly secondary education, offers considerably lower salaries than other segments of the economy, ranking 7th after finance, information and technology, construction, industry, transport, and art and culture (Figure 1). In 2016, the average wage in education was SUM1,038,161. ²²⁷

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