Authors: Hashim Orta Adaw
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coll. - Gaahmg Consonant & Vowel Book-Sudan Workshop Programme (2015)
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mofdee mofdeeg
noun
snake type moraa moraag
noun
governor muu muug
noun
face, forehead muguui muguuig
noun
burning wood mui muig
noun wildebeest
N n
N n N n
N n
naand naag noun
day nag
verb
sleep nams
namsag noun
food, eating naꞌan
verb continuous sleeping nahnd
nahngg noun
demon
nahrnah nahrnahg noun
Ng ng
Ng ng Ng ng
Ng ng
ngaangaad ngaangaag noun
thigh ngaasa ngaasag
noun
tree type ngarna ngarnag
noun
leech ngahw ngahweeg noun
Ny ny
Ny ny Ny ny
Ny ny
nyaafar nyaafarg noun
mustache nyaang nyaangeeg noun
crocodile nyam
verb want, love nyamm
verb
break nyaw
verb
request, ask nyaahm
nyaahmg noun
chin
nyee nyeeg
noun
drawing, colour nyui nyuig
noun
leopard
O o
O o O o
O o
ool uulg noun
(your) head onso onsog
noun
cooking plate ony onyg
noun
meat ordaa ordaag
noun
army orond orondog
noun
fermented milk
- 35 - P p
P p P p
P p
pada padaag noun
rope material pajo pajog
noun
star pal
verb cut pall
verb
fall, get down paꞌan
verb continuous was guarding pahnyu
pahnyuug noun
porcupine peeram peeramg
noun
flag pebeej pebeeg
noun
tree type poor poorg
noun
boat puufah
noun singular leprosy pur
puriig noun
flower
R r R r R r
R r
raanfaa raanfaag noun
covering raay raayg
noun
quarrel raahwah raahwahg noun
rahsluumaa rahsluumaag noun
praying mantis rahi
late ree
reeg noun
cotton, thread rimaah rimaahg
noun
star ronyd ronyg
noun
mud ruusu ruusug
noun
tail ruid ruig
noun
dirt
S s
S s S s
S s
saarfaa saarfaag noun
rat
saaw saaweeg
noun
grass cutter saranyda saranydag noun
saw sawg
noun
shoe saahm
noun singular hunter saahm
saahmg noun
medicine, tree root seen seengg
noun
ruler sen
noun singular skin sickness siij
siijahg noun
tree type siind siindahg noun
guest siirii siiriig
noun
charcoal smudge simdahg
noun plural relief for pain, recovery
T t T t T t
T t
taaz taazg noun
door
talam talamg
noun
malnutrition talngej talngejag noun
taw
adverb up tawr
tawreeg noun
lizard
tay tayg
noun
giraffe - 36 - tayda
taydaag noun
strainer tahyl tahylg ? noun
tree type teed teeg
noun
road, path teefa teefag
noun
leaf, sickness teer teerg
noun
carving tool tegrelfaa tegrelfaag noun
tel
noun singular ? sun, god tiifaahng tiifaahngg noun
bird type tiil tiilg
noun
tree type tilngah tilngaahg noun
tins tinsahg
verbal noun asking
tirgah tirgahg
noun
nature too tog
noun
cow tuguunyfaa tuguunyfaag noun
tree type
Th th
Th th Th th
Th th
theel theelaag noun
anchor
theend theengg
noun
riddle theendas theendasag noun
thoogeel thoogeelg noun
U u
U u U u
U u
uu noun singular air uud
uug noun
wasp
uui uuig
noun
squirrel u
pronoun short subject you (sg) ufu ufug
noun
tree type uld uldug
noun
grinding stone ungg uniig
noun
tear of eye unguraah unguraahg noun
urii uriig
noun
ostrich
W w
W w W w
W w
waa waag noun
pond
waar waarg
noun
insect type waayaa waayaag
noun
bird type wa
adverb no waah
waahg noun
shade, help wee wisahg
noun
house weleny welenyg
noun
sour taste wiid wiig
noun
breast wiilmaa wiilmaad noun
Y y
Y y Y y
Y y
yaam yaamaag noun
bride
yaaz yaazaad
noun
sister - 37 - yoo
yoog ? noun
old person
Glossary Glossary
Glossary
Word Word
Word Word
Example Example
Example Example Definition Definition Definition Definition syllable ta sa me ta sa me ta sa me ta sa me
in
tasame tasame
tasame tasame ‘grass’ The parts of a word that can be divided according to beats (darba). consonant m m m m, ny
ny ny ny, llll in mahnyil mahnyil
mahnyil mahnyil ‘rainbow’ Letter sounds that begin or end syllables; a consonant cannot be a syllable by itself (harf saakin). vowel
ah ah ah ah, iiii in mahnyil
mahnyil mahnyil
mahnyil ‘rainbow’ Letter sounds in the middle and sometimes beginning or end of a syllable; a vowel can be a syllable by itself (harf mutharrik). consonant sequence nyd nyd
nyd nyd in saranyda saranyda
saranyda saranyda ‘tree type’ Two different consonants next to each other, either in the middle or end of a word. doubled consonant mm mm
mm
in word nyamm nyamm
nyamm nyamm
‘break’ The same consonant written twice (itneen harf saakin). single
consonant m m m m
in nyam
nyam nyam
nyam ‘want, need’ A consonant written once. doubled vowel aah aah
aah aah in
maahl maahl
maahl maahl ‘fighting’ A vowel written twice or long (harf mutharrik tawiil). A long vowel. single vowel ah
ah ah
ah in mahl
mahl mahl
mahl ‘straw’ A vowel written once. A short vowel. heavy vowel aah
aah aah
aah
in waah
waah waah
waah ‘shade, help’ Vowel letters ah, i, u ah, i, u ah, i, u
ah, i, u (harf mutharrik tagiil). light vowel aaaaaaaa
in waa waa
waa waa ‘pond’ Vowel letters a, e, a, e,
a, e, a, e, oooo (harf mutharrik xafiif). vowel sequence uah uah
uah uah
in buah
buah buah
buah ‘tree type’ Two different vowels next to each other. tone nyam
nyam nyam
nyam ‘want’ has a High
tone, nyamm
nyamm nyamm
nyamm ‘break’ has a Mid tone The high or low sound, or the falling or rising sound of a word.
Answers to Exercises Answers to Exercises Answers to Exercises Answers to Exercises Exercise 1
a
i idig
p pahnyu
ah aahl j jaa r ruusu
b buur
k kolg
s saaw
c cawr
l lew
t tel
d daahr
m mas
th thoogeel - 38 - dh dhagar n naand
u uud
e eed
ng ngahw w wee f fodor
ny nyaang y yoo g gaam
o ool
z aza
ꞌ paꞌan Exercise 2
number of syllables divided into syllables _2_
weleny we
leny _____
sour taste 1 kor kor
word, speech 3 bimirij bi mi
rij bird type 2 kahrngahl kahr ngahl
grass type 2 garnye
gar nye
dung
1 ronyd
ronyd
mud 2 malo
ma lo
beeswax
2 fodor
fo dor
nose
2 jinyjil
jiny jil
bird type 1 lold
lold
blemish on face 1 luny luny
boomerang 2 dahlgah dahl gah
drum
1 nams
nams
food 2 bolnge bol nge
medical tool 3 dogolja
do gol
ja ankle
2 kasa
ka sa
boy
2 kabar
ka bar
wing, armpit 3 bamalja
ba mal
ja morning star
Exercise 3 Consonants are underlined instead of circled.
c e y a m tobacco k ah l f ah jaw d ah r s ah tumor k a g d a r food type th e e l anchor b a j w a a r bird type t i l ng ah seed, chain k a ng a r a ny jackal y a a z sister p a d a rope material n ah n d demon
- 39 - Consonants are underlined instead of circled.
k ah l f ah jaw d ah r s ah tumor a l d
fox n ah r n aah saliva b aa l a n d stripe t e g r e l f aa bird type b a n dh a l weak l o n d o r knot k u ny j cough
Test Word Write correctly Test Word Write correctly eet his eye
eed bahrt
lion bahrd
talngej tree type talngej gaahzk
thief gaahzg
unk tear
ungg karaap
troublemaker karaab
benyc upper hip benyj pebeec
tree type pebeej
miid stone
miid afat
blood afad
Exercise 6
Light
Test Word Heavy
Write correctly waa
pond raawa
net waah
shade raahwah
waa pond
aza dog
waah shade
aza waa
pond taahz
door waah
shade taaz
waa pond
bahrd lion
waah shade
bahrd waa
pond gaazg
thief waah
shade gaahzg
wer look
liil grass
wir cut
leel wer
look feg
water wir
cut feg
wer look
miid stone
wir cut
miid wer
look seend
guest wir
cut siind
moo gunfire
ungg tear of eye muu face
ungg moo
gunfire runyd
mud muu
face ronyd
moo gunfire
tuu cow
muu face
too moo
gunfire buul
bread muu
face buul
Exercise 7
Single
Test words Doubled
Write correctly koooor
word, speech poooor
boat koo
oo oo ool snake type poo
oo oo oor koooor word, speech dhoooodh stork
koo oo oo ool snake type dhoooodh luuuuny
boomerang buu
uu uu uul bread luu
uu uu uung water pot buu
uu uu uul saaaaw shoe
daal aal
aal aal
pot saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter dal
al al al saaaaw shoe
baaaal cave
saa aa aa aaw grass cutter baa aa
aal - 40 - saaaaw
shoe baaaard
abdomen saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter baa
aa aa aard seeeen skin sickness ceeeeld broom
see ee ee een ruler
ceeeeld iiiilj
beeswax iil
iil iil
iil horn
ii iiii
iig milk
il ilil
il aaaaraad lake aa
aa aald
fox aare
aare aare
aare grass type aaaald eeeeg
they (pron) ee ee ee eelg
stomach ee ee ee eed
eye ee ee ee eelg
celdaaaa charcoal maa aa
aa house
aldaa aa aa aa earth, dust maa aa
aa seeeen
skin sickness peeeeram flag see
ee ee een ruler pee
ee ee eeram seeeen skin sickness tee ee
eefa leaf, sickness see ee
een ruler
tee ee ee eefa koooor
word, speech foo
oo oo oodor nose koo
oo oo ool snake type foooodor koooor word, speech boo oo oo oongma insect type koo oo
ool snake type boooongma ciiiil
instrument type tiiiifaahng bird type tii
iiii iil
tree type tii
iiii iifaahng ciiiil instrument type fii iiii
iidin perfume
tii iiii
iil tree type fiiiidin saaaaw
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