Avvalo birinchi grammatik qoidalarni undan so’ng qiladigan xatolarni ko’rib chiqing bu sizni kelasida qilinadigan har qanday xatolardan saqlab qoladi. Uni tugatib test yechish sirlarini yaxshilab o’rganib chiqing

It's raining.

It will probably be hot tomorrow.

Is it nine o'clock yet?

It's 50 kilometres from here to Cambridge.

Object Pronoun

		Object Pronoun
1	Me	Meni, Menga
2	You	Sizni, Sizga Seni, Senga yoki Sizlarni, Sizlarga
3	Him	Uni, Unga (erkak jinsi uchun)
4	Her	Uni, Unga (ayol jinsi uchun)
5	It	Uni, Unga (jonsiz narsalar uchun)
6	Us	Bizni, Bizga
7	Them	Ularni, Ularga (odamlar, narsalar va hayvonlar uchun)

Object pronoun gapda to’ldirivchi vazifasida keladi va fe’ldan keyin qo’llanadi

Subject Pronoun

Verb Object Pronoun

• 
  John loves you – Jon sizni sevadi
  
• 
  John and Mary beat them. – Jon va Mery ularni yutdi.
  
• 
  They helped us – ular bizga yordam berdi
  

Possessive Adjective

		Possessive Adjective
1	My	Mening
2	Your	Sizning, Sening, Sizlarning
3	His	Uning (erkak jinsi uchun)
4	Her	Uning (ayol jinsi uchun)
5	Its	Uning (jonsiz narsalar uchun)
6	Our	Bizning
7	Their	Ularning (odamlar, narsalar va hayvonlar uchun)

Possessive adjective gapda egalikni bildirish uchun qo’llanadi.
Ushbu olmoshlar to’liq shaklanmagan hisoblanadi shu sababli doim o’zidan keyin ot yoki otli birikma talab qiladi. Hech qachon o’zi yo’lg’iz ishlatilmaydi.

• 
  I like her car. Men uning mashinasini yoqtiraman
  
• 
  I like your flowers. – Menga sizning gullaringiz yoqadi
  

Possesive Pronoun

		Possesive Pronoun
1	Mine	Meniki
2	Yours	Sizniki, Seniki, Sizlarniki
3	His	Uniki (erkak jinsi uchun)
4	Hers	Uniki (ayol jinsi uchun)
5	Its	Uniki (jonsiz narsalar uchun)
6	Ours	Bizniki
7	Theirs	Ularniki (odamlar, narsalar va hayvonlar uchun)

• 
  Bu olmoshlar gapda egalikni bildirish uchun qo’llaniladi
  
• 
  Bu olmoshlar o’zidan keyin ot yoki otli birikma olmaydi. Ya’ni bu olmoshlardan so’ng siz ot yoki otli birikma qo’llamasligingiz kerak
  

• 
  Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. – Sizlarning rasmlariz yaxshi. Bizniki rasvo
  
• 
  This book IS mine. – Bu kitob meniki
  

Reflexive Pronoun

		Possessive Adjective
1	Myself	Men o’zim
2	Yourself | Yourselves	Siz o’zingiz, Sen o’zing | Sizlar o’zlaringiz
3	Himself	U o’zi (erkak jinsi uchun)
4	Herself	U o’zi (ayol jinsi uchun)
5	Itself	U o’zi (jonsiz narsalar uchun)
6	Ourselves	Biz o’zimiz
7	Themselves	Ular o’zlari (odamlar, narsalar va hayvonlar uchun)

Bu olmoshlar o’zlik olmoshi hisoblanadi va gapda ega va to’ldiruvchi bitta shaxs bo’lsa qo’llaniladi
 I told myself to calm down – Men o’zimga tinchlanishni aytdim
Buyerda tinchlanishni aytgan ham aytilgan ham bitta shaxs
O’zlik olmoshi ham object pronoun ga o’xshab fe’ldan keyin keladi.
 He blames himself for the fire. – u yong’in uchun o’zini aybladi.  He blames him for the fire. – u yong’in uchun uni aybladi.
Ho’sh testda kelsa uni aybladimi yoki o’zini aybladimi buni qanday farqalaymiz? Test tuzuvchi sizga qaysi olish kerakliga ishora qiladi.
Although we told him not to play with matches, he did. He should blame…. for the fire.
A) him B) himself C) me D) mine
Matnga e’tibor beradigan bo’lsangiz buyerda Biz unga gugurt o’ynamaslikni aytgan bo’lsakda, u buni qildi deyilmoqda. Demak unga aytilgan va buyerda aybdor faqatgina u shu sababli. U o’zini ayblashi kerak demak To’g’ri javob B
Biz o’zlik olmoshini takidlash uchun ham ishlatamiz.

• 
  My teacher didn't know the answer herself. – O’qtuvchini o’zi ham javobni bilmadi
  
• 
  I made these cookies myself. – Tortlarni men o’zim pishirdim
  

Interrogative Pronouns
Bu olmoshlar so’roq olmoshlari hisoblanadi va biror narsani so’rashda ishlatamiz.
Asosan 4ta so’roq olmosh bor: who, whom, what, which va whose ham ishlatiladi so’roq olmoshidek
Bizda ingliz tilida ikki hil ega va to’ldiruvchiga savol berish bor. Ona tilidan xabariz bo’lsa ega kim? nima? so’rog’iga to’ldiruvchi kimni? kimga? Nimani nimaga so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi.
Endi ikki xil so’roq borligini bildiz ularni qanday yasalishiga to’xtalamiz. Agarda siz egaga so’roq bermoqchi bo’lsangiz so’roq so’zdan so’ng siz to’g’ridan to’g’ri fe’l ishlatasiz:
Question Word + Verb Who saw you? – Kim sizni ko’rdi?
Izoh: Buyerda ko’rishingiz mumkin kim deb tarjima qilinmoqda. Agarda narsani so’rasangiz what ishlatasiz va nima deb tarjima qilinadi.
Agarda siz to’ldiruvchiga savol bersangiz unda odatiy savol shaklidan foydalansiz.
Question Word + auxiliary verb + Subject? Who did you see? – Siz kimni ko’rdingiz?
Izoh: Buyerda ko’rishingiz mumkin kimni deb tarjima qilinmoqda va odatiy so’roq shaklda foydalanilmoqda. Ko’pincha til o’rganuvchilar shu yerda chalkashishadi kim deb tarjima qilaymi yoki kimni deb. Qarashadi nega so’roq so’zdan so’ng fe’l kelyadbdi ega yordamchi fe’l qani deb hayron qolishadi bu asosan ega savol berlayabdi to’ldiruvchi shunga bog’liq.
Eslatma: Qachonki to’ldiruvchiga biz so’roq bersak, whom eng to’g’ri variant odamlar uchun biroq biz o’gzaki nutqda biz whom ko’ra who ko’proq ishlatamiz. Whom did you see? = Who did you see? bitta narsa faqatgina grammatik jihatdan whom to’g’ri testda to’ldiruvchiga so’roq berilsa ikki tursa, whom oling va shu to’g’ri hisoblanadi. Og’zaki nutqda farqi yo’q. Ammo ega nisbatan whom ishlatmang hoh yozma hoh og’zaki bo’lsin.
Egaga savol berilsa, javobda ham ega aytiladi buni pastdagi jadvalda ko’rishingiz mumkin

Question	Answer
Who has written this book? Bu kitobni kim yozgan?	Nomozov Boysoat has written this. Nomozov Boysoat yozgan buni	subject
Whom did you tell? – Siz kimga aytdingiz?	I told Boysoat.	object
What's happened? – Nima sodir bo’ldi?	An accident's happened. – Avariya sodir bo’ldi	subject
What do you want? – Nimani xohlaysiz?	I want coffee. – Kofe(ni) istayman.	object
Which came first? – Qaysi birinchi keldi?	The Porsche came first. – Porshe birinchi keldi.	subject
Which will the doctor see first? Doktor qaysi birini birinchi ko’radi.	The doctor will see this patient first. Doktor birinchi bu bemorni ko’radi.	object
There's one car missing. Whose hasn't arrived? Bitta mashina yo’qolgan. Kimniki yo’qolgan.	Botir’s (car) hasn't arrived. Botirning mashinasi yetib kelmagan	subject
We've found everyone's keys. Whose did you find? Biz hammaning kalitini topdik. Siz kimning kalitini topdiz	I found Botir’s (keys). Men Botirning kalitini topdim	object
Whose- kimning deb tarjima qilinadi. Biror narsa kimga tegishli ekanligni so’rashda ishlatiladi.

Some and Any
We use SOME and ANY with plural nouns and uncountable nouns.
Biz SOME va ANY ni ko’plikdagi otlar va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatamiz

SOME

Some is generally used in positive sentences.
Some odatda darak gaplarda ishlatiladi.
Ko’plikdagi otlar bilan kelsa bir nechta deb tarjima beradi.

• 
  Some books – bir nechta kitoblar, some friends – bir nechta do’stlar, Some sanalmaydigan otlarni oldidan biroz, ozgina deb tarjima qilinadi.
  
• 
  Some money – ozgina (biroz) pul. Some information – biroz ma’lumot
  

• 
  He asked me some questions - U mendan (bir nechta) savollar so‘radi.
  
• 
  I want some matches. Have you got any? - Menga gugurt kerak. Gugurtingiz bormi?
  
• 
  Give me some water, please - Iltimos, menga (ozroq) suv bering.
  
• 
  I have some information for you about flights to Paris. – Menda siz uchun Parisga parvoz haqida biroz ma’lumot bor
  

ANY