Bank of Krok testing to module N1

A Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
B Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
C Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
D Dysentery, cholera
E Q-fever, epidemic typhus

*02* During autopsy there were dark-red spots, plaques and nodes (Kaposi’s sarcoma) on the skin of distal part of low extremities. Acute pneumonia was also revealed, caused with Pneumocysts. What disease are these changes typical for?

1. 
   *AIDS
   
2. 
   Anthrax
   
3. 
   Diphtheria
   
4. 
   Influenza
   
5. 
   Measles
   
   
   

* The most often causative agent of opportunistic pneumonia at HIV/AIDS infection is:

1. 
   *Pneumocysts
   
2. 
   Staphylococci
   
3. 
   Streptococci
   
4. 
   Cytomegoloviruses
   
5. 
   klebsiella
   

*A patient, homosexual man, was admitted to hospital with complaints of general weakness, dry cough, and fever. Bilateral root infiltrates were indicated with X-ray examination. What is the most probable reason of such pneumonia?

1. 
   *Pneumocysts
   
2. 
   Staphylococci
   
3. 
   Streptococci
   
4. 
   Mycoplasma
   
5. 
   Klebsiella
   

*06* 37. S. aureus associated with S. epidermidis is isolated from numerous skin pustules of a 25-year-old patient. Sputum analysis detects Pneumocysts carinii; feces analysis detects Cryptosporidia, Proteus vulgaris, and fungi of Candida genus. What disease is characterized by such multiple infection caused by opportunistic microorganisms?

A. *AIDS.
B.Diabetes mellitus.
C.Sepsis
D.Dysbacteriosis.
E. Drug agranulocytosis.

179. A 20-year-old patient has AIDS diagnosed. What cells populations are the most sensitive to the human immunodeficiency virus?

A. B-lymphocytes.
B.Hepatocytes.
C.Endotheliocytes.
D. Epitheliocytes.
E.*T-helpers.

199. “12” b-12 Human immunodeficiency virus, having on its surface antigens gp41 and gpl20, interacts with the target cells of an organism. Which human lymphocytes marker can be complementary connected with gpl20 of the virus?

A.*CD 4.
B.CD 3.
C.CD 8.
D.CD 19.
E. CD 28.

*One from perspective area of drug elaboration for treatment of HIV is creation of medicines that competitively block receptors onto lymphocytes and miss adsorption viruses onto them. What structure is talking about?

1. 
   *CD 4
   
2. 
   GP120
   
3. 
   GP41
   
4. 
   CD 28
   
5. 
   CD 29
   

* A donor, clinically healthy 25-year-old man, should be examined for carriage of human immunodeficiency virus. What exactly will be revealed at donor blood assay, if he is really infected?

1. 
   Virus RNA
   
2. 
   Antibody to viral glycoproteins
   
3. 
   *Revertase enzyme
   
4. 
   Provirus
   
5. 
   Decreasing of T-cells number
   

*A child, 3 –year-old, has been transfused with HIV-positive blood. Next 6 months infection has not being developed, but carrier state was formed, that was connected with transformation of causative agent into provirus form. What is provirus?

1. 
   *Double-stranded DNA
   
2. 
   Single-stranded RNA
   
3. 
   Virus enzyme complex
   
4. 
   Nucleocapsid of virus without surface envelope
   
5. 
   Glycoprotein component of supercapsid
   

*A patient was informed that serology for detection of HIV-infection consists from 2 steps. Which test is used for serum investigation to detect antiviral antibody at first stage?

1. 
   *ELISA
   
2. 
   Immunoblotting
   
3. 
   RIA
   
4. 
   IFA
   
5. 
   PHA-test
   

*07* b-12 At examination of young man in AIDS center ELISA test with HIV antigens was positive. He has no complaints of healthy state. What does ELISA result indicate?

1. 
   *HIV-infection
   
2. 
   Persistence of HBI
   
3. 
   State after AIDS
   
4. 
   AIDS
   
5. 
   HBV infection
   

186. During checking the donors' blood at a hemotransfusion station antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus have been revealed in the serum. What method is recommended for the confirmation of HIV-infection diagnosis?

A. Complement fixation test.
B. Electron microscopy.
C. *Western blotting (immunoblotting).
D. Immunofluorescence test.
E. Radioimmunoassay

197.*2012* b-12During immunoblot analysis protein gp120 has been revealed in blood serum. What infection can be diagnosed by this antigen detecting?

A. Virus hepatitis B.
B.*HIV-infection.
C.Tuberculosis.
D. Syphilis.
E.Poliomyelitis.

*What method of laboratory diagnostics is the most informative during seronegative period of HIV-infection?

1. 
   *PCR
   
2. 
   ELISA for antibody detection
   
3. 
   Western-blot for antibody detection
   
4. 
   Hemagglutination reaction
   
5. 
   ELISA for antigen detection
   

*04*05* 200.b-12 Blood serum examination of a patient with signs of immunodeficiency has shown antibodies to proteins gpl20 and gp41. Which disease is confirmed by this result?

A. TORCH-infection
B. HLTV-1-infection.
C. *HIV-infection.
D.HBV-infection.
E. ECHO-virus infection.

189. In a specialized clinic a patient has been prescribed a combination of preparations, which inhibit HIV reproduction. To what group do the preparations, which are obligatory used in complex antiviral treatment, belong?

A. Interleukin.
B. Broad spectrum antibiotics.
C. *Nucleosides analogs.
D. Nystatin.
E. Biseptol.

Influenza virus

177. During the outbreak of acute respiratory infection express-diagnostics method is used for diagnosing the flu. The method is based on detecting a specific virus antigen in the researched material (nasopharynx swab). Which serological reaction is used for this purpose?

A. *IFA.
B. Complement fixation.
C. Agglutinations.
D. Precipitation.
E. Opsonization.

A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?