Benefits • Genetic engineering • Synthesis of chemical products • Recycling sewage • Bioremediation: use microbes to remove toxins (oil spills)

Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasi Termiz filiali davolash 2 fakulteti talabasi Berdiqulov Mirzohidning ingliz tili fanidan Microbiology and microorganisms mavzusida tayyorlagan sLaydi
Benefits
• Genetic engineering
• Synthesis of chemical products
• Recycling sewage
• Bioremediation: use microbes to remove toxins (oil spills)
• Use of microbes to control crop pests
• Normal microbiota
Medical microbiology is the study of microbes that cause disease in humans .Microbes are everywhere, both within and outside our body. Most are harmless.
Types of microbes
Eukaryotic organisms :
These include fungi (e.g. molds and yeasts) and parasites (helminthes and protozoans). They have a complex cellular structure, similar to those of humans and animals. Their cells have nuclei and mitochondria and they are largely self-sufficient and capable of independent life.
Eukaryotes Chitin cell walls
Use organic chemi cals for energy Moldsand mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments cal led hyphae
Yeasts are unicellular
Fungi
(b)
• Eukaryotes
Protozoa
• Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
• May be motile via pseudopods> cilia, or flagella
• Most free some parasites
• Eukaryotes
Algae
Cellulose cell walls
Use photosynthesis for energy (primary
producers)
(«■)
Prokaryotic organisms
These are simple and largely self-sufficient unicellular organisms which have no nuclei or internal dividing membranes but are usually capable of independent life Cell walls contain mucopeptides (peptidoglycans). They are collectively named bacteri] Some genera, e.g. rickettsia and chlamydia, are not capable of independent life and are therefore named 'atypical bacteria'. The latter group of organisms is obligate intracellular pathogens which require the presence of viahlp pukarvntir hrKt rplk for prnwth and rpnrndurtinn