Biologia 65/4: 615-620, 2010 Section Botany
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36.66(32.81 ±1.17)25.41 1.06 35.83(31.03 ±1.08)25.41 3 & 4 P.-S. Microornate C. flava 33.75(29.62 ±1.19)20 35(32.75 ±0.88)26.25 0.9 31.25(27.5 ±0.78)22.5 3 & 4 O.-S. Microhammulate C. laxiflora 40(32.53 ±1.01)27.5 38.25(32.88 ±0.87)29.37 1.09 37.5(27.57 ±1.09)20 3 & 4 O.-S. Microscabrate C. salsa 31.25(26.48 ±0.9)22.91 33.75(30.09±0.96)25.62 0.95 29.37(25.86 ±1.27)18.12 3 S. to P.-S. Microgemmate C. ambigua 33.75(27.97 ±0.98)23.75 30.41(27.61±0.89)24.16 1.003 28.12(23.01±1.22)18.75 3 P.-S. Microgemmate C. ridge- 37.81(31.49 ±0.88)26.56 30.62(27.88±0.82)27.88 1.02 35(28.88 ±1.28)22.5 3 & 4 P.-S. Microgemmate wayana Table 2. Characteristic features of the investigated seed in species of Cistanche. Sculpture characteristics Species Seed Shape Seed size Gross seed Cell Shape (length × wide, in mm) coat appearance Cell walls Wall ornamentation C. tubulosa Ovate, globose, rarely oblong 0.35–1 × 0.35–0.92 Alveolate Isodiametric & Polygonal Thick or fine Fine and dense striate C. flava Almost ovate 0.55–0.93 × 0.48–0.83 Alveolate Isodiametric & Polygonal Thick Broken striate C. laxiflora Oblong, rarely long ovate 0.49–1.09 × 0.47–0.75 Alveolate Isodiametric, Polygonal and large Thick Regular and separate striate C. salsa Oblong, sometimes ovate 0.43–1 × 0.38–0.7 Alveolate Not isodiametric & Polygonal Fine Unclear, broken striate C. ambigua Oblong, sometimes flat ovate 0.66–1.18 × 0.45–0.79 Alveolate Isodiametric & Polygonal Thick or fine Dense and clear striate C. ridgewayana Ovate, rarely oblique oblong 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.9 Alveolate Not isodiametric & Polygonal Thick Perforate tetracolpate, exine ornamentation is Microhammulate (Figs 23, 24). Seed morphology Seeds of the examined taxa of the genus Cistanche are ovate to oblong and globose in outline. The funicular at- tachment is terminal. The sizes are (0.35–1.18) × (0.31– 0.92) mm. Seeds are of light yellow colour and they become dark after drying. The seed-coat surface of six species of Cistanche is alveolate, with polygonal cells, which range from more or less isodiametric to tangen- tially elongated, sometimes being irregular. Cistanche seeds usually have a smooth membranous outer peri- clinal wall; that collapses on the inner periclinal and anticlinal walls, thus showing changeable aspects (per- forate, striate), which are important for the delimita- tion of species (Table 2). C. ridgewayana Seeds are ovoid to oblong in outline, glabrous, rarely hairy (Fig. 25). The lengths are 0.6–1 mm, the widths are 0.4–0.9 mm, the seed-coat surface is formed by polygonal cells with different sizes, 48–118 × 40–87 µm; outer anticlinal walls with remarkably deep thickening at the vertex and without gap between cells; outer peri- clinal walls smooth; inner periclinal and anticlinal walls perforate (Fig. 26). Diameter of perforations is 0.02– 0.08 µm, which is smaller than the thickness of the walls that separate them. C. salsa Seeds are oblong, sometimes ovate and globose in out- line, almost glabrous (Fig. 29). The lengths are 0.43–1 mm, the widths are 0.38–0.7 mm, the seed-coat sur- face is formed by polygonal cells with different sizes, 54–125 × 37.5–87.5 µm; outer anticlinal walls thicken- ing evenly at the vertex and without gap between cells. Inner anticlinal wall of cells is unclear, broken striate (Fig. 30). C. ambigua Seeds are oblong, sometimes flat ovate in outline, glabrous, sometimes hairy (Fig. 27). The lengths are 0.66–1.18 mm, the widths are 0.45–0.79 mm, the seed- coat surface is formed by polygonal cells with different sizes, 80–200 × 64–176 µm; outer anticlinal walls with thickening or fine at the vertex and almost without gap between cells. Inner anticlinal wall of cells is dense and clear striate (Fig. 28). C. laxiflora Seeds are often oblong, rarely long ovate in outline, glabrous and sometimes hairy (Fig. 31). The lengths are 0.49–1.09 mm, the widths are 0.47–0.75 mm. The seed- coat surface is formed by polygonal cells with differ- ent sizes, 178–550 × 77–414 µm. Outer anticlinal walls thickening evenly at the vertex and without gap be- tween cells. Inner anticlinal wall of cells is regular and separate striate (Fig. 32). 618 R. Shahi Shavvon & S. Saeidi Mehrvarz Figs 13–24. SEM micrographs of pollen grains in Cistanche species. 13, 14 –C. ridgewayana; 15, 16 – C. salsa; 17, 18 – C. ambigua; 19, 20 – C. laxiflora; 21, 22 – C. tubulosa; 23, 24 – C. flava; Figs 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 – scale bar 2 µm; Figs 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 – scale bar 500 nm. C. tubulosa Seeds are ovate to globose, rarely oblong in outline, glabrous to hairy (Fig. 33). The lengths are 0.35–1 mm, Figs 25–36. SEM micrographs of seed in Cistanche species. 25, 26 – C. ridgewayana; 27, 28 – C. salsa; 29, 30 – C. ambigua; 31, 32 – C. laxiflora; 33, 34 – C. tubulosa; 35, 36 – C. flava. Figs 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 – scale bar 100 µm; Figs 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 – scale bar 10 µm. Pollen and seed morphology of the genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) in Iran 619 the widths are 0.31–0.92 mm, the seed-coat surface is formed by polygonal cells with different sizes, 80–175 × 70–150 µm; outer anticlinal walls thickening at the vertex and almost without gap between cells. Inner an- ticlinal wall of cells is dense and clear striate (Fig. 34). C. flava Seeds are almost ovate in outline, hairy (Fig. 35). The lengths are 0.55–0.93 mm, the widths are 0.48–0.83 mm, the seed-coat surface is formed by polygonal cells with different sizes, 59–218 × 45–168 µm; outer anticlinal walls are thickening evenly at the vertex, with a gap marking the wall junctures between cells at some edges. Inner anticlinal wall of cells is broken striate (Fig. 36). Discussion Our results show the eurypalynous character of the genus Cistanche. Pollen morphology provides some valuable information. Based on taxonomical results, C. ridgewayana was placed in sect. Cistanchiella while other species were placed in sect. Cistanche (Rechinger 1964). In the present study, there are no significant dif- ferences in pollen morphology between C. ridgewayana and C. salsa & C. ambigua, their exine ornamentation being microgemmate; thus these results suggest the ex- istence of an overlapping between the two sections. C. laxiflora is very similar to C. tubulosa, but the exine ornamentation of C. laxiflora is Microscabrate whereas that of C. tubulosa is Microornate, so these species can easily be separated on the basis of pollen morphology. Zhang (1990) has recognized a prolate type of pollen shape in C. tubulosa and C. salsa, but our re- sults show prolate-spheroidal and oblate-spheroidal re- spectively. This may be due to the effect of acetolysa- tion on pollen shape in this genus. C. ambigua is the only species that shows two pollen shapes: spheroidal and prolate-spheroidal. It is, however, noteworthy that the shape of Cistanche pollen is often affected by the state of hydration and/or fixa- tion. Therefore, it may be possible that the differences in the shape of Cistanche pollen grains are neither par- ticularly significant nor useful in taxonomic applica- tion. In order to keep the natural form of the pollen grains, more sensitive treatment will be needed. So pollen shape can not be used for taxonomical discrimi- nation in this genus. The results of seed morphology confirm its useful- ness for the identification of the species and highlight the division of the genus into two sections. Within each taxon, the size of the seeds is very variable. Seed shape is also a variable character, ranging from oblong, ovate to globose. This character is related to the seed’s rela- tive position in the capsule. Seed ornamentation is constantly alveolate in all species, which agrees with Zhang (1990). Inner anticli- nal walls of the epidermal cells of the seed coat are of Download 0.61 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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