Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
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- Case 15 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case 15
Case #15
Subject: Embryology A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for acute intermittent umbilical abdominal pain and several episodes of nonbilious vomiting for 4 hours. The pain radiates to his right lower abdomen and occurs every 15–30 minutes. During these episodes of pain, the boy draws up his knees to the chest. He had two similar episodes within the past 6 months. Abdominal examination shows periumbilical tenderness with no masses palpated. Transverse abdominal ultrasound shows concentric rings of bowel. His hemoglobin concentration is 10.2 g/dL. Which of the following is the most common underlying cause of this patient's condition? A. Meckel diverticulum B. Malrotation with volvulus C. Intestinal polyps D. Intestinal adhesions E. Acute appendicitis Medcloud™ Case #15 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #15 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is A - 60% Meckel diverticulum is the most common pathologic lead point causing intussusception. A pathological lead point should always be suspected in children older than 5 years of age who present with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, especially if symptoms occur within 6 months of the last episode. Meckel diverticulum can cause bleeding if it contains ectopic gastric mucosal cells that secrete gastric acid and can so irritate the adjacent small bowel to the point of ulceration, which explains this child's anemia. Medcloud™ Case #15 Subject: Embryology B. Malrotation with volvulus - 20% Malrotation with volvulus typically presents with acute onset of abdominal pain and bloody stools. On abdominal ultrasound, the classic feature of volvulus is the whirlpool sign (whirl sign), which indicates a twisted mesentery and is easily distinguished from the target sign seen in this patient. Although the clinical features may be similar to those of this patient's condition, volvulus caused by a malrotation of the intestines usually occurs during early infancy and would be uncommon in a 6-year-old child. C. Intestinal polyps - 4% Intestinal polyps are the second most common pathological lead point resulting in intussusception. While intestinal polyps cannot be entirely excluded, they are not the most common cause of intussusception in this age group. This patient appears to have had chronic blood loss that resulted in anemia, suggesting a different etiology. D. Intestinal adhesions - 8% Intestinal adhesions may cause bowel obstruction or act as a pathologic lead point for intussusception. They usually form after abdominal surgery, intra-abdominal inflammation, or abdominal radiotherapy, none of which are mentioned in this patient's history. E. Acute appendicitis - 9% Acute appendicitis presents with diffuse, continuous abdominal pain migrating from the periumbilical region to the right lower quadrant, vomiting, and target sign on ultrasound, making it an important differential diagnosis for this patient's symptoms. However, repeated attacks of pain and the presence of anemia in this patient suggest a different diagnosis. Medcloud™ |
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