Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #12 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #12
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #12
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #12 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is F – 43% Patients with Meckel diverticulum are usually asymptomatic. However, some patients can develop lower GI bleeding as a result of diverticulitis and/or intussusception (the diverticulum acts as a lead point for intussusception). In some patients, the diverticulum contains ectopic gastric tissue, which can also cause lower GI bleeding as a result of gastric acid induced ulceration of the ileal mucosa. Medcloud™ Case #12 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ A. Protrusion of abdominal viscera into the umbilical cord - 15% Protrusion of abdominal viscera into the umbilical cord is characteristic of an omphalocele, which results from failure of the midgut to retract into the abdominal cavity during the 10th week of gestation. Incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct does not result in herniated loops of bowel. B. Swelling in the genital region - 3% Swelling in the genital region is characteristic of a communicating hydrocele, which is caused by a failure of obliteration of the processus vaginalis, not the vitelline duct. C. Discharge of meconium from the umbilicus - 21% Discharge of meconium from the umbilicus is a sequela of a vitelline fistula, which occurs if the vitelline duct remains patent. This fetus at 20 weeks' gestation has a partially obliterated vitelline duct. D. Dilation of the descending colon - 5% This fetus will develop a Meckel diverticulum, which can cause bowel obstruction as as a result of intussusception, volvulus, or a fecolith within the diverticulum. However, the most common location of Meckel diverticulum is the terminal lieum. Therefore, the proximal small bowel is typically dilated and the distal descending colon will be collapsed. Dilation of the descending colon is instead associated with Hirschsprung disease and anal atresia. E. Discharge of urine from the umbilicus - 14% Discharge of urine from the umbilicus is caused by a urachal fistula, which results from a failure of the urachus to obliterate, not the vitelline duct. Case #13 Subject: Embryology Two days after delivery, a 3470-g (7-lb 10-oz) newborn has an episode of bilious vomiting. He has not yet passed meconium. He was born at term to a 26-year-old woman; pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a distended abdomen. There is tympany to percussion. Digital rectal examination shows elevated sphincter tone; when the finger is removed, there is an explosive release of stool and air. An x-ray of the abdomen shows a massively dilated colon proximal to a narrowed segment of colon. Which of the following is the underlying cause of these findings? A. Low serum T4 concentration B. Ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa C. Jejunal vascular accident in utero D. Telescoping of intestinal segment into itself E. Incomplete coiling of the intestine F. Hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter G. Impaired migration of neural crest cells H. Failure to restore patency to fetal duodenum I. Mutation in the CFTR gene Medcloud™ |
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