Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #11 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #11
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #11
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #11 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is C – 74 % The vitelline duct is an embryonic structure that connects the yolk sac to the midgut. It usually obliterates during the 6th to 7th week of embryonic development, but partial persistence and dilation can result in the development of a retroumbilical cyst (omphalomesenteric cyst). This usually manifests with an umbilical mass, findings secondary to intestinal obstruction (as vitelline duct anomalies are associated with volvulus and intussusception), and intestinal mucosa on microscopic examination. Medcloud™ Case #11 Subject: Embryology A. Urachus - 17% Dilation of the urachus, an embryogenic structure that connects the bladder to the yolk sac, leads to congenital anomalies such as urachal cysts. While this may manifest as an umbilical mass similar to the one seen here, urachal duct cysts tend to be asymptomatic until later in life when symptomatic complications, typically infections, may occur. In addition, the cyst would be connected to the bladder, and histologic evaluation would reveal transitional epithelium rather than intestinal epithelium. B. Umbilical ring - 3% A dilation of the umbilical ring occurs in the setting of umbilical hernia, which leads to protrusion and possibly incarceration of abdominal contents, resulting in intestinal obstruction, as seen in this patient. However, affected individuals present with a mass protruding through the umbilicus, not behind it. Moreover, congenital umbilical hernias are not associated with a great degree of risk of incarceration and typically resolve before 5 years of age. D. Ovarian follicle - 2% Dilation of an ovarian follicle can lead to the development of an ovarian cyst, a condition that rarely occurs in infants. Affected individuals may present with a distended abdomen and a palpable abdominal or pelvic mass, as seen in this patient. However, congenital ovarian cysts are not associated with intestinal obstruction but rather with ovarian torsion, which requires immediate surgical intervention. Subsequent histologic examination of an ovarian cysts would reveal ovarian stroma and simple cuboidal epithelium instead of intestinal epithelium. E. Common bile duct - 3% Dilation of the common bile duct leads to choledochal duct cyst, a congenital anomaly that would present with jaundice, acholic stools, hepatomegaly, and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant unlike the intestinal obstruction seen here. Moreover, histologic examination of a choledochal cyst would show biliary not intestinal epithelium. Medcloud™ Case #12 Subject: Embryology A new imaging modality is being tested to study vitelline duct morphology. A fetus at 20 weeks' gestation is found to have partial obliteration of this duct. Which of the following is the most likely sequela of this condition? A. Protrusion of abdominal viscera into the umbilical cord B. Swelling in the genital region C. Discharge of meconium from the umbilicus D. Dilation of the descending colon E. Discharge of urine from the umbilicus F. Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract Medcloud™ |
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