Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #9 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is E - 82%
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #9
Subject: Embryology The correct answer is E - 82% This patient has congenital duodenal atresia, which causes bowel obstruction just distal to the major duodenal ampulla leading to abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and features of dehydration (e.g., sunken anterior fontanelle). Her x-ray shows the classic “double bubble sign” of air in a distended stomach and proximal duodenum, which are separated by the pylorus, with no gas in the more distal bowel. Approximately 25% of cases are associated with trisomy 21. Medcloud™ Case #9 Subject: Embryology A. Esophagus - 1% Congenital obstruction of the esophagus most commonly occurs concurrently with a tracheoesophageal fistula. Although there may be vomiting from esophageal obstruction and gastric distension from air passing from the trachea into the distal esophageal segment as seen in this case, the condition would manifest immediately after birth and the vomitus would be non-bilious. B. Common bile duct - 2% Obstruction of the common bile duct, as seen in biliary atresia, causes cholestatic jaundice. This patient has bowel obstruction, as evidenced by her abdominal distension, vomiting, dehydration, and dilated bowel on x-ray, but no features of biliary obstruction. C. Ileum - 4% Congenital atresia of the ileum would manifest with abdominal distension and vomiting in the first few days of life, as seen in this case. However, an x-ray would show dilated loops of small bowel extending to the level of the obstruction. The x-ray here shows only a very short section of dilated small bowel. D. Pylorus - 11% Obstruction at the pylorus, which is seen in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, results in vomiting and gastric distension, but the vomitus would be non-bilious since the obstruction is proximal to the major duodenal ampulla. An x-ray would show a stomach distended with air, but not air in the duodenum as seen in this patient. Furthermore, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis becomes symptomatic later, 3–5 weeks after birth. Medcloud™ Case #10 Subject: Embryology A 3175-g (7-lb) female newborn is delivered at term. Initial examination shows a distended abdomen and a flat perineal region without an opening. A dark green discharge is coming out of the vulva. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Meconium ileus B. Hirschsprung disease C. Imperforate anus D. Colonic atresia E. Meconium plug syndrome Medcloud™ |
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