Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #8 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #8
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #8
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #8 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is A – 71% Fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds normally occurs during the 8th week of embryological development. Subsequently, the distal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct fuses with the ventral pancreatic duct, which drains into the major duodenal papilla via the Ampulla of Vater. The proximal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct would degenerate or persist as an accessory pancreatic duct that drains into the minor duodenal papilla. If the pancreatic buds fail to fuse (pancreas divisum), the dorsal and ventral pancreatic duct would drain separately into the duodenum with the dorsal pancreatic duct draining via the minor duodenal papilla, as seen on this patient's MRCP. Most individuals with pancreas divisum are asymptomatic, but a small percentage will present with chronic abdominal pain or pancreatitis, as is the case here. Medcloud™ Case #8 Subject: Embryology B. Fusion of visceral and parietal peritoneum - 3% Fusion of the visceral and parietal peritoneum ensures that the pancreas becomes a retroperitoneal structure (secondary retroperitonealization). In the event that this fusion does not occur, the pancreas may remain intraperitoneal. This anomaly is not known to cause any clinical signs or symptoms. C. Rotation of the midgut - 10% Rotation of the midgut is important for proper positioning of the intestines. In cases of malrotation, the formation of fibrous bands (Ladd bands) may lead to volvulus or acute intestinal obstruction. Imaging typically shows small bowel sequestered on the right side of the abdomen and large bowel on the left. Anomalies of the pancreatic duct would not be explained by this diagnosis. D. Proliferation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery - 3% Proliferation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery is the process by which the spleen develops. This patient's spleen is situated in the normal anatomical position (anterior to the left kidney) and does not have congenital abnormalities that are evident on imaging. E. Differentiation of the proximal hepatic diverticulum - 1% Differentiation of the proximal region of the hepatic diverticulum is the process by which the biliary system develops. In this patient, the pancreatic ducts are abnormal but the biliary system itself shows no evidence of congenital abnormalities. F. Rotation of the ventral splenic bud - 13% The splenic bud is located in the dorsal mesentery; a ventral splenic bud does not exist. Failure of fusion of the dorsal primordial splenic buds can lead to supernumerary (accessory) spleen formation, which occurs in up to 10% of the population. However, it is most often diagnosed incidentally on abdominal imaging and is rarely symptomatic. Medcloud™ Case #9 Subject: Embryology A female newborn delivered at 38 weeks’ gestation is evaluated for abdominal distention and bilious vomiting 24 hours after delivery. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. She appears lethargic and her fontanelles are sunken. An x-ray of the abdomen is shown. This infant most likely has a congenital obstruction affecting which of the following anatomic structures? A. Esophagus B. Common bile duct C. Ileum D. Pylorus E. Duodenum Medcloud™ |
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