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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
Elementarization in this narrow sense has a long tradition in mathematics
teaching, since every teacher and every textbook author teaching a new topic, a new aspect of a topic, or the same topic to a different group of stu- dents naturally tries to present his or her ideas in an elementary way. The topic has to be presented as something accessible to the intended learners, that is, not too complicated technically, understandable through links to previous knowledge, and as a path leading to some general goals like math- ematical thinking, understanding the role of mathematics, or solving impor- tant problems. The successful teacher or textbook author has to develop the art of elementarization, and mathematics education benefits from such art, even if it is not reflected scientifically. As an art, it includes also elements of simplicity, elegance, and salience. In didactics of mathematic as a scientific discipline, this art and, furthermore, the whole process of reorganizing mathematical knowledge for the purposes of schools and teaching are de- scribed and methodologically reflected. The art is refined by methodically elaborating didactical principles or specific operations and procedures (cf. Uwe-Peter Tietze, this chapter), and the process is guided by systematically including insights yielded by other, related disciplines, thereby exposing the unavoidable shortcomings and lurking pitfalls of the whole process. As may be deduced from this introduction, there are different traditions in different cultures and different didactical schools of handling this process of choosing, preparing, and evaluating mathematical topics for teaching pur- poses. These traditions differ in their emphasis on specific elementarization strategies, students' needs, fundamental ideas of mathematics, topic levels (examples, concepts, methods, or general ideas such as model building), de- scription levels and the like, and degrees of elaboratedness. This is reflected only partly in the set of three articles in this chapter, which to a certain extent represent part of the French, the North-American, and the German tradition. They intentionally show not only the strong interconnections within such a tradition, which naturally can be traced to own education and language barriers, but also tendencies to absorb or critically discuss influ- ences of other national schools as well. In his paper on eclectic approaches to elementarization, James T. Fey asks about the prospects for making elementarization a rational activity in the science of didactics of mathematics. In the form of a fictitious naive ap- proach to curriculum reform, he describes facts, insights, and methods to be BERNARD WINKELMANN 11 INTRODUCTION TO CHAPTER 1 learned for careful curriculum design in mathematics when different com- munities contributing to the necessary knowledge required by those design processes are taken seriously: mathematicians, psychologists, and classroom teachers. Elementarization is seen as a complex interdisciplinary enterprise that cannot be described as a deductive science but contains strong elements of scientific and creative work. He describes the real influences on the re- form and organization of mathematics teaching exerted by different groups of society such as those mentioned above and by mathematics education re- searchers, general educators, politicians, supervisors, and the lay public. In an analysis of recent reform movements in mathematics teaching in the USA, he shows the mutual argumentations, rhetoric strategies, and means of exerting influence that occur, but also the strengths and weaknesses that are the result of such negotiating processes. In this report, essential factors of elementarization are dealt with in a seemingly spontaneous but indeed well- organized manner, such as choice of representation, use of technology, role of applications, role of assessments, formal mathematics versus intuitive understanding, but also dangers and possible pitfalls of elementarization resulting from the overemphasis of specific viewpoints. Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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