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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
Richard Lesh and Anthony E. Kelly are committed to the research ap-
proach that most strongly influenced the psychology of mathematical thinking of North America during the last two decades, that is, construc- tivism. From a constructivist point of view, reflective ability is considered to be the major source of knowledge on all levels of mathematics (cf. von Glasersfeld, 1991, p. xviii). Thus, as Lesh and Kelly conclude in their conti- bution on action-theoretic and phenomenological approaches to research in mathematics education, constructivism is not simply a perspective on chil- dren's thinking but rather more a theory on thinking. Thus constructivism is considered to be the essential and fundamental feature of thinking. As Lesh and Kelly state, the student makes sense of the terms, words, and signs. They presume that students are permanently inventing, testing, rejecting, and revising models in order to interpret and understand their environment. When looking for general concepts of system change, they introduce the concepts of evolution, generation and mutation, selection, adaptation, and accomodation that clearly rely heavily on the framework of the Geneva School, that is, genetic epistemology. Lesh and Kelly briefly sketch three teaching experiments in conceptually rich environments in which the pro- cess of model revision may be traced. Thus, at least with respect to the four contributions on the psychology of mathematical thinking, in some respects, Piaget seems to be everywhere. As Lompscher's contribution shows, the role of the cultural tradition repre- sented by the teaching subject as emphasized by Vygotsky (1978) may be regarded not only as complementary (see Bartolini-Bussi, this volume) but also as a constructive integration of the social-psychological framework to the principles of cognitive development. Nevertheless, I shall end with an- other remark on Piagetian research, which is highly significant for an un- derstanding of the child's acquisition of mathematics and hence for a devel- opment of didactics of mathematics, that is, developmental psychology. Note that all four contributions in this chapter do not refer to the well- known Piagetian theory of developmental stages but rather to general con- cepts like schema or accomodation. The qualitative change in the cognitive structures was modeled in the comprehensive and closed theory of cognitive ROLAND W. SCHOLZ 229 Freeman, F. N. (1910). Untersuchungen über den Aufmerksamkeitsumfang und die Zahlauffassung bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Leipzig: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für experimentelle Pädagogok und Psychologie des Leipziger Lehrervereins. Goldberg, J. G. (1978). Psychological research into mathematics learning and teaching in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe. In F. Swetz (Ed.), Socialist mathematics education. Southhampton, PA: Burgundy Press. Goldin, G. A. (1992). On developing a unified model for the psychology of mathematical learning and problem solving. In W. Geeflin & K. Graham (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th PME Conference (Vol. 3, pp. 235-261). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire Glaserfeld, E. von (1991). Introduction. In E. von Glasersfeld (Ed.), Radical constructivism in mathematics education (pp. xiii-xx). Dordrecht: Kluwer. Katz, D. (1913). Psychologie und mathematischer Unterricht. Leipzig: Teubner. Piaget, J. (1968). The child's conception of space. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [Original work published in 1948] Poincaré, H. (1910). Der Wert der Wissenschaft. Leipzig: Teubner. Poincaré, H. (1914). Wissenschaft und Methode. Leipzig: Teubner. Polya, G. (1954). How to solve it. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Rubinstein, S. L. (1958). Grundlagen der allgemeinen Psychologie. Berlin: Volk und Wissen. Siegler, R. S. (1986). Children's thinking. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Vergnaud, G. (1990). Epistemology and psychology of mathematics education. In P. Necher & J. Kilpatrick (Eds.), Mathematics and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher psychological pro- cesses. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. INTRODUCTION TO CHAPTER 5 230 stages. In general, the main results of Piaget's theory were replicated com- pletely successfully, and, today, neo-Piagetian models like Siegler's rule as- Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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