below). Eventually they reach the cells of the body, where they are
broken down oxidatively in the mitochondria to energy-poor combinations
(CO2 and H2O) (biological oxidation). The energy thus liberated
is stored in energy-rich ATP following a chain reaction (mitochondrial
respiratory chain). ATP in its turn is made available to processes requiring
energy (e. g., protein synthesis or muscular work). ATP splits
off phosphate molecules to liberate energy (see Chapter 1: Mitochondria).
_ Metabolism, Energy Requirements and Nutrients
Metabolism
Metabolism, which includes all the biochemical processes needed to
maintain life by building, transforming, and breaking down the organism,
can be divided into constructive (productive, anabolic) and
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