British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
particular for a ' shoot-to-kill" policy, for the wrongful imprisonment of inno-
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
particular for a ' shoot-to-kill" policy, for the wrongful imprisonment of inno- cent people, and for the physical and psychological abuse of arrested Na- tionalist suspects. London has been angry at the unwillingness of Dublin to hand over terrorist suspects to British security forces. • 3. Were there any signs ; By the late 1980s the level of violence : of moderating positions of : had been brought down to a level where few- • the sides? : e r people died in terrorist killings than in traf- : : fie accidents. By 1990 there were modest signs that the Unionists might moderate their position slightly, andthey seemed more ready to consider power sharing with the Catholics. At the same time Sinn Fern seemed to be in crisis. In Northern Ireland its electoral appeal was in decline from 1 per cent, while in the Republic it attracted less than 3 per cent of support. Its military wing, the IRA, was faring even worse. Its bombing campaigns had borne no fruit, and fewer members of the Catholic popula- tion seemed willing to support it. Tne IRA leadership was bitterly divided between 'hawks' and 'doves', while there was an overall collapse of morale in the organisation generally. The bombing and shooting incidents in Britain and on the Continent, in which innocent civilians were killed, suggest not onlv the destructive abilities of the IRA, but also its desperation. In the mean- time, the 'troubles' cost both governments an annual total, estimated in 1990, of £410 million. There is no foreseeable solution to the problem of Ulster. In 1920 the Catholic population was one third of the population. Today it has increased to two fifths. In theory there could be a voting Catholic majority- by the year 2040, if the higher Catholic birthrate does not continue to fall. But this is forty years away, and in the meantime Catholic growth is slowed down because more Catholics than Protestants emigrate in search of work. ; 4. Do people in Ulster ; In any case it has been a popular miscon- : support the idea of a unit- : ception that the majority of Ulster's Catholics : ed Ireland? • wanted to live in a united Ireland. Most appar- • • ently they do not. Opinion polls since 1970 have suggested that a varying proportion of Ulster's Catholics, between one quar- ter and just under one half, would like to live in a united Ireland. Percentage variations reflect the level of Catholic frustration (or rela- 68 tive satisfaction) with political progress. An opinion poll in 1988 indicated that more than half Ulster's Catholics had never felt anv sympathy for Sinn Fern Even m the Republic, opinion polls indicated that the idea of Irish unit) m 1987 attracted only 67 per cent support, and this would probably fall sub- stantially if the incorporation of Ulster involved significant cost. Altogether, the people of all Ireland are probably almost evenly divided between those who want a united Ireland and those who do not. More Ulster Catholics would wish to live in a united Ireland if the Republic was not significantly poorer than Northern Ireland. British govern- ment public expenditure in Northern Ireland is 50 per cent higher than it is in England, m an attempt to improve the weak economy of the province. Put another way, the rest of Britam provides one third of public expenditure in Ulster. In a united Ireland, the people of Ulster would lose this subsidv and face worse economic prospects, higher taxes and a share of Ireland's large national debt. ; 5 What is The Downing ; The Downing Street Declaration, signed : Street Declaration about? : on 15 December 1993 by the British Prime " . ' M i n i s t e r , John Major, and his Irish counter- Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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