1. During what period is Rudyard Kipling’s “The Jungle Book”
written?
2. Whom is Kipling’s poem ‘If’ dedicated to? Do you like this
poem? If “yes” or “no”, comment on your answer.
3. Did Kipling support the policy o f British expansion?
George Bernard Shaw
(1856-1950)
George Bernard Show is an outstanding English playwright,
one of the greatest satirists of the twentieth century. He was born
in Dublin in an impoverished middle-class family. Until fourteen
he attended a college, and from 1871 was employed in a land
agent’s office. In 1876 he went to London, where he became a
journalist and wrote music and dramatic critics for various peri
odicals. He was always in the midst of political life in Britain and
took an active part in solving human problems. As literary critics
state, Shaw’s manner of expression is based on real facts and he
exposes truth through satire and sarcasm.
The creative work of Bernard Shaw began with novels: “Im
maturity” (1879), “The Irrational Knot” (1880),“Cashel Byron’s
Profession” ( 1882), “An Unsocial Socialist”( 1883), “Love
Among the Artists” ( 1888), but they were not a success, and in
1892 the author turned to dramatic writing. His intellectual equip
ment was far greater than that of any o f his contemporaries. He
alone had understood the greatness of Norwegian dramatist Ibsen,
and he was determined that his own plays should also be a ve
hicle for ideas. He had accepted a burden in his dramas, beyond
the presentation of plot and characters. He had signed a contract
with himself, and with the spirit of Ibsen, that each play should
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