Bukhara State University

In order to reduce the risk, a few logical steps are followed in a new product planning and development. These are as follows:
Exploration:
The first step is the generation of ideas. Ideas about new products or improvement of old products or processes may come from:
(a) internal sources like salesmen, non-marketing employees, middle managers and top management,
(b) external sources like customers, distributors, advertising agencies, laboratories, private research organisations, trade associations, government agencies and the like.
Some techniques have also been developed over the years which are useful in generating ideas. Among them are gap analysis, attribute listing and brain storming, forced relationships, morphological analysis, problem identification and synectics.
Gap Analysis:
Gap analysis attempts to find out gaps in the market where there exist unsatisfied consumer demand and opportunities for a new product.
Attribute Listing:

Attribute listing involves the preparation of a list of the attributes of a product and formulation of methods to modify them in order to see if a new combination of attributes can be evolved for the improvement of the product.

Brain Storming:
Brain storming in an organised group exercise like a stormy meeting of about six to eight creative personnel specially convened to stimulate new ideas. The chairman of a brain­storming session which generally lasts about an hour and a half leads saying, “Remember now, I want each one of you to come out with an idea of new product or an improvement of an old product. The wilder the idea, the better.” Freewheeling is welcomed, combining and improving ideas is encouraged, quantity is encouraged and criticism is ruled out.
Forced Relationships:
Here several objects are listed and each product is considered in relation to every other object.
Morphological Analysis:
Morphology means structure and this method calls for identifying the structured dimensions of a problem and examining the relationship among them.