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DENIS DIDEROT
Denis Diderot (October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French philosopher, art 
critic and writer. Born at Langres and was schooled by Jesuits. He attended the 
University of Paris and was awarded a masters of art degree. An avid reader of 
classics like Horace and Homer, Diderot's insatiable appetite for reading and 
literature also extended to women, thereby disappointing his father who had hoped 
he would continue on into medicine or law. Instead, Diderot lived the life of a 
bohemian, bouncing from tutorships, freelance writing gigs also working at one time 
for Clement de Ris a prominent attorney and as a bookseller's hack.
Diderot is most recognized as the force behind the Encyclopédie, the foremost 
encyclopedia to be published in France at the eve of the French Revolution, but he 
also published a other works, comedies and bawdy tales as well as to assist his friend 
Friedrich Grimm in his collection of tales. Before the monumental task of putting 

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together the Encyclopédie, Diderot became known for Essai sur la merite et la virtu 
(1745) and then the publication of Pensees philosophique (1746), a work that both 
atheism and Christianity alike but was still burned by the Parisian parliament. He 
also gained interest for his support of John Locke's theory of knowledge in his 
Lettres sur les aveugles (1749) where he attacked conventional morality and as a 
result was imprisoned at Vincennes for three months. His network of friends 
included Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Claude Adrien Helvétius, Abbé 
Raynal, Lawrence Sterne, Jean-François Marmontel, and Michel-Jean Sedaine.
The most important way in which Diderot was able to make clear the workings 
of technologies within a craft or mechanical art was by supplementing the text with 
engravings of the tools used. It is from these engravings that we can see the 
beginnings of modern technological and mechanical instruction. For example, the 
section on agriculture represents not only a pastoral scene of hills and people in the 
fields, but also shows a catalog of the machinery used to do the work. The 
implements are not illustrated in use, but lined up categorically. Many of the plates 
that show technology represent the elements of each in a similar fashion although 
those that show the details of a craft usually show an overview of a shop in lieu of 
the workers in the fields. This type of explication of craft was received by some with 
fear that with secrets unveiled, people would lose their jobs, but Diderot writes in 
his Prospectus that "It is handicraft which makes the artist, and it is not in Books that 
one can learn to manipulate." This was part of the reason that Diderot had such 
problems with Chamber's Encyclopedia, for he thought Chambers was too stuck in 
books and hence Diderot's emphasis that his contributors visit the shops and study