Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories

CANADA




Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.




THE PEACE OCEAN AND THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


BORDERS


CITIES


Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.





Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister—who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons—and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch, who serves as head of state.


GOVERN


The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the Dominion of Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a Crown colony ruled by a British governor.^[95] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province

Contemporary era




In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3 billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7 billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments.^[274] As of 2020, the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,^[275] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists.^[276] It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms.

Science and technology

McGill University and
McMaster University,

University of Toronto, 
University of British Columbia

UNIVERSITIES



A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 56 percent and 21 percent of Canadians, respectively
Chinese (1,227,680 first-language speakers), Punjabi (501,680), Spanish (458,850), Tagalog (431,385), Arabic (419,895), German (384,040), and Italian (375,645)


LANGUAGES