oekonomische Revue.” Edited by K. Marx. April number, 1850, p. 13.) The same “high” Court of
Justice discovered, during the American Civil War, a verbal ambiguity which exactly reversed the
meaning of the law against the arming of pirate ships.
132
Rep., &c., for 30th April, 1850.
133
In winter, from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. may be substituted.
134
“The present law (of 1850) was a compromise whereby the employed surrendered the benefit of
the Ten Hours’ Act for the advantage of one uniform period for the commencement and termination of
the labour of those whose labour is restricted.” (Reports, &c., for 30th April, 1852, p. 14.)
135
Reports, &c., for Sept., 1844, p. 13.
136
l.c.
137
l.c.
138
“Reports, &c., for 31st Oct., 1846,” p. 20.
139
Reports, &c., for 31st Oct., 1861, p. 26.
140
l.c.,p. 27. On the whole the working population, subject to the Factory Act, has greatly improved
physically. All medical testimony agrees on this point, and personal observation at different times has
convinced me of it. Nevertheless, and exclusive of the terrible death-rate of children in the first years
of their life, the official reports of Dr. Greenhow show the unfavourable health condition of the
manufacturing districts as compared with “agricultural districts of normal health.” As evidence, take
the following table from his 1861 report: —
Pecentage of Adult Males
Engaged in Manufactures
14.9
42.6
37.3
41.9
31.0
14.9
36.6
30.4
—
Death-rate from
Pulmonary Affections per
100,000 Males
598
708
547
611
691
588
721
726
305
Name of District
Wigan Black
burn
Halifax Brad
ford
Maccle
sfield
Leek Stoke-
upon-
Trent
Woolst
anton
8 healthy
agricultural
districts
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