Capsicum annuum Brief Report A. K. Inoue-Nagata
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Datura stramonium and C. chinense PI 159236 plants were not infected with
neither of them. Physalis floridana showed mottling to mosaic symptoms followed by stunting. Nicotiana benthamiana became severely infected showing veinal clearing, mosaic, yellowing and stunting. C. annuum “Ikeda” showed yellow mosaic, mosaic, vein banding, blistering and leaf deformation. In a previous report of the reaction of C. annuum lines to Poty1 infection, “Yolo Wonder”, “Avelar”, “YoloY”, “Florida VR-2”, “Magda” and “Agronômico 8” showed varying degrees of mosaic, vein banding and leaf deformation symptoms while “Serrano Vera Cruz” and “Criollo de Morellos 344” did not show any visible symptoms [1]. The differential reaction of Capsicum spp. lines to the Poty1 isolate suggested a phenotypic response corresponding to that of European potyvirus pepper isolates collectively described as PVY pathotype 1–2 [4]. The Poty1 virus was purified fromsweetpepper infected plants [8] and was used to prepare a polyclonal antiserumin a rabbit. The antibody was tested by antigen-coated indirect ELISA using 1000 fold diluted serum. Polyclonal an- tibody produced against a potato PVY was used as a control. The two pepper isolates reacted with the anti-Poty1 antibody (Abs 405 : 0.64 [Poty1], 0.70 [Poty2]) while a potato PVY isolate (Abs 405 : 0.10) and the healthy control (Abs 405 : 0.07) did not show a positive reaction. When using an antiserumagainst a potato strain of PVY in double antibody sandwich ELISA, a positive reaction was only ob- served with a potato strain of PVY. This result indicated that Poty1 and Poty2 were not serologically related to PVY. To clarify the identity of these isolates, the nucleotide sequence of a part of the genome corresponding to the CP and 3 -untranslated region (UTR) was determined. Cloning of the genome of Poty1 was carried out using the RNA extracted frompurified particles followed by cDNA synthesis [6]. The DNA was cloned in pBluescript vector (Stratagene) and the sequence of the insert was Pepper yellow mosaic virus 851 determined by the dideoxy chain termination method [15]. Based on the sequence analysis, one clone with an insert of ca. 700 bp including the entire 3 -UTR and only a part of the CP was obtained. For cloning of the 3 terminal region of Poty2 genome, an alternative strategy was used. First, total RNA was extracted from infected Nicotiana tabacum TNN plants using Tri Reagent RNA extraction so- lution (Sigma). The total RNA was then used for cDNA synthesis primed with oligo d(T) (T-primed first-strand kit, Pharmacia). PCR was performed using Taq polymerase (GIBCO-BRL) and the primers PY6 (ATTCTSCAATGGGA) and PY7 (TTTTTTTTTTGTCTC). These primers were designed based on sequences of PVY and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) towards a conserved region in the nuclear inclusion body b (NIb) cistron (PY6, position 8267–8280 in X12456) and to the last 5 nucleotides of the 3 -UTR (PY7, oligo(dT) + nucleotides at position 9704–9700 in X12456). The amplification resulted in a homogenous DNA fragment of ca. 1330 base pairs, the expected size of the fragment. The amplified fragments were cloned into pGEM-T (Promega) and the nucleotide sequences determined by automated sequencing using vector primers (T7 and SP6) and an internal primer, PY3 (CTTAGGCAAATCATGGC, position 9038– 9054 in X12456 [7]). These sequences were compiled, compared to the partial cDNA clone obtained fromPoty1 (last 729 nucleotides) and analysed using pro- grams of the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer group (GCG, Madison, USA) [3]. Pair-wise comparison of the sequences of Poty1 and Poty2 showed a high identity between themwith only nine nucleotides differences within the 729 nucleotides. Subsequent sequence comparisons and conclusions were based on Poty2. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number AF348610. The deduced amino acid sequence of Poty2 revealed a single open reading frame with 366 amino acids, 88 amino acids corresponding to the C-terminal region of NIb cistron and 278 amino acids for the CP. Comparison of the deduced amino acids with that of PepMoV (accession M96425 [19]) showed that the last 6 amino acids of the NIb sequence were completely identical. Based on this com- parison, the cleavage site of NIb and CP was inferred to be between the 88 th and the 89 th amino acid of the sequence. Comparison of the CP amino acid sequence with other potyviruses revealed the highest identity (77.4%) with that of Pepper severe mosaic virus (PeSMV), a virus reported only in Argentina [14] (Fig. 1). The identity percentage varied from71 to 77 among the closest potyviruses (Fig. 1), including PeSMV, PVY, PepMoV, Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV) and Potato virus V (PVV). The alignment of the CP sequence of these potyviruses showed a highly divergent amino-terminal region of the CP (Fig. 1). The iden- tity of 77.4% found between Poty2 and PeSMV indicates that Poty2 represents a distinct virus species, according to the Potyvirus taxonomic criteria [17]. The 3 -UTR was 275 nucleotides long preceding a polyadenilated tail and the sequence identity ranged from45.7 to 62.2% with the closest potyvirus species being PepMoV and SuCMoV (Fig. 1). The length of the 3 -UTR among them varied from250 to 468 nucleotides. PeSMV, the closest potyvirus according to CP comparison, showed a low identity of nucleotides (46.1%) and considerably |
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