Chapter 1 introduction

A. Research Design
Research design is a plan on how to collect and process data that can be 
implemented to achieve the research objectives. Sukardi (2003:183) explains that 
research design is all the proccess needed in designing and implementing 
research. 
 
This study was conducted in an experimental design with one- group 
pretest- posttest design using quantitative approach. Experimental research is a 
scientific investigation in which the researcher manipulates one or more 
independent variables, control any other relevant variables, and observes the 
effect of the manipulation on the dependent variables (Ary et all, 2002:276). 
Experimental research can be done in the laboratory, in the class and in the field. 
In this study, the experimental research was done in the class with taking students 
as population. 

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Experimental research is unique in two very important respects. An 
experimental usually involves two groups of subject, an experimental group and a 
control group, although it is possible to conduct an experiment with one group. In 
pre-test and post-test group the observation was done twice, before giving 
treatment called pre-test and after giving treatment called post-test.
This study was classifyied as pre- experimental design because it was little 
or no control of extraneous variables. 
This study used pre-experimental research 
design because it did not have random assigment of subject to group or other 
strategy to control extraneous variable and there was no pre treatment. That is 
why, in this sudy the researcher just took one group and used pre-test and post-test 
to see the result of the treatment. In pre-test and post-test group the observation do 
two times, before giving treatment called pre-test and after giving treatment called 
post-test.