Chapter 1 introduction

3.1 Diagram of one -group pre-test posttest design
A diagram of one- group pretest- posttest design: 
The procedures of experimental research using one group pretest- 
posttest design: 
Y1 
X
Y2 
Pretest
Treatment 
posttest 
(Independent variable) 
(Dependent variable) 

---

38 
1) Administrating a pre-test with a purpose of measuring speaking 
achievement of first grade students at MTs Sultan Agung 
Jabalsari Tulungagung before being taught by using finger 
puppets 
2) Applying the experimental treatment in teaching English using 
finger puppets as media 
3) Administrating a post-test with a purpose of measuring speaking 
achievement of first grade students at MTs Sultan Agung 
Jabalsari Tulungagung after being taught by using finger puppets 
Different attribute to the application of the experimental treatment was 
determined by comparing the pretest and posttest scores. In this study, the 
researcher wanted to know the effectiveness of using finger puppets as media 
toward students’ speaking achievement by conducting experimental research. The 
impact was assessed by providing a specific treatment. The effectiveness would 
be known after knowing the significant differences between the students who 
were taught before and after using finger puppets as media. 
B. Population, Sample and Sampling 
1. Population
Population is whole of research subject. In Encyclopedia of 
educational evaluation noted that a population is a set (or collection) of all 
elements prossessing one or more attributes of interest (Arikunto, 
2010:173). Population based on Ary et al in Sukardi (2003:53) population 

---

39 
is all numbers of well defined class of people, events or object. 
In this 
study, the populations were all of first grade of MTs Sultan Agung 
Jabalsari Tulungagung consisted of three classes; they were class A, B, 
and C. The total population was 56 students.
2. Sample
According to Arikunto (2010:174) sample is a part of population 
which is researched. Azwar (2010:79) state sample is a part of population. 
In this study, the researcher took the VII-A class as a sample of this 
research. This class consisted of 20 students of first grade at Mts Sultan 
Agung Jabalsari Tulungagung. The sample consisted of 11 boys and 9 
girls. 
3. Sampling
Sampling is a technique of taking sample which gives opportunity 
for every element or population member to be chosen as sample. In this 
study the researcher used purposive sampling. Purposive sampling was 
technique to determine sample with a particular consideration.
The researcher was choose the class VII-B at the sample because 
the students had homogeneity than other classes. The meaning of 
homogeneity in this study is the students have similar score when they get 
examination especially in speaking test. The researcher proved it when she 
conducted a teaching practice there. 

---

40