Chapter 1 the study of collocations

3.6.1  Language Proficiency Measures 
 
 
Before testing the hypotheses it was necessary to perform a number of 
language proficiency measures on the free production data in order to 
determine that there are different levels of language proficiency in the groups.  
The analyses performed included the following measurements: holistic rating, 
target-like use of articles, lexical density, length of T-Units, error-free T-Units, 
and S-Nodes per T-Unit.  A six-way factorial MANOVA was calculated on the 
scores obtained by the six different measures in order to determine whether the 
three samples were different with respect to all six measures. 
 
Following that, six one-way ANOVAs were then calculated for each of 
the six measures.