Chapter 1 the study of collocations

4.1  Language Proficiency Results 
 
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In this section the results of the analyses performed to determine the 
proficiency differences between the three groups are described. 
4.1.1  Descriptive Statistics 
 
Prior to performing the MANOVA for the six measurements on the free 
production data, the data were examined with regard to the normality of their 
distribution.  The data for each group were tested for kurtosis and skewness.  
The results are reported below. 
4.1.1.1  Descriptive statistics for Group 1 
 
The results of the descriptive analysis of the data for Group 1 show 
normal distributions for the majority of the dependent variables: Holistic 
Rating (Kurtosis: -.689, Skewness: -.162), Words per T-Unit (Kurtosis: -.183, 
Skewness: .209), and Error-Free T-Units (Kurtosis: -.669, Skewness: .513).  The 
results of the analysis for the dependent variable Target-Like Use of Articles 
also show no significant effects for kurtosis or skewness (Kurtosis: -1.099, 
Skewness: -.229).  Results of the analysis for the dependent variable Lexical 
Density reveal a slightly peaked distribution (Kurtosis: 1.301, Skewness: -.54). 
Finally, the results of the analysis for the dependent variable S-Nodes per T-
Unit show a distribution that is positively skewed and peaked (Kurtosis: 2.514, 
Skewness: 1.51).