Chapter II evolution of stock exchanges
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(Stockmarket.nu, n.d).
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The Muscat Securities Market (MSM) was established by the Royal Decree (53/88) issued on 21 June 1988 to regulate and control the Omani securities market and to participate, effectively, with other organizations for setting up the infrastructure of the Sultanate's financial sector. After ten years of continuous growth there was a need for a better functioning of the Market. The MSM has been restructured by two Royal Decrees (80/98) and (82/98). The Royal Decree (80/98) dated November 9th 1998 which promulgated the new Capital Market Law provides for the establishment of two separate entities, an exchange, Muscat Securities Market (MSM) where all listed securities shall be traded and the Capital Market Authority (CMA) - the regulatory. The Exchange is a governmental entity, financially and administratively independent from the regulatory but subject to its supervision. Thus the securities industry in Oman was well established to enhance investors' confidence by developing and improving all the processes appertaining to the stock market. Until 1998, the MSM had been managing the exchange and acting as the central depository. Now, they are separating the Exchange and the Depository from the Regulator (MSM, n. d).
As a continuing process in the development of the securities market, the MSM has developed its regulations to keep pace with the international developments and all information and financial data relating to the performance of the market and all listed companies are provided directly to investors through a highly advanced electronic trading system (Atos Euronext System). This will not only ensure transparency of activities which is considered to be one of the main principles of a well organized market. The Atos Euronext‘s trading system used by MSM creates confidence and stability to the market.
The Market has developed its existing mechanism of clearance and settlement by introducing a new mechanism for the sake of encouraging stable dealing in securities as well as providing a better environment that might help the flow of foreign investment to the Sultanate. MSM has becomes a member of the RTGS system with Central Bank of Oman being the settlement bank, and, for the smoothness of settlements process between brokerages companies. MSM created Settlement Guaranteed Fund (SGF) that secures settlements between market dealers .
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The stock exchange in Oman launched the Dow Jones MSM Index. The index is a total-market index that measures the performance of all companies listed on the Muscat Securities Market. The index currently includes 66 stocks (Dow Jones Indexes, 2008 January 14).
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