Chapter II theoretical foundation

The Purposes of KWL Strategy

The meaning sence from KWL is to challenge students actievely. As Ogle (1986: 566) states that “the intent of this strategy is to involve students actively“. It can be done by making obvious connection between their prior knowledge and information that will be read in the texts, both by eliciting what they know about the specific information and the ways that information is structured. Then teachers guide the students to think of questions they need and want to know the answer, and, finally, students make notes and then organize the old and new information in graphic and in written
form. Purpose of The KWL (Know, Want, Learn) strategy provides a structure for activating and building prior knowledge, establishing a purpose for reading and for summarizing what was learned. The strategy can help students reflect and evaluate their learning experience, as well as serve as a useful assessment tool for teachers.

3. The Procedures of KWL Strategy

There are some procedures of KWL Strategy that can be implied in teaching reading comprehension. According to Ogle (1986: 565), there are three basic steps that should be considered in using KWL strategy as follow:
Step 1 : What I Know, this step is accessing prior knowledge; teacher ask students to brainstorm words, terms, or phrases they associate with a topic. Then, the teacher and students record these associations in the K column of their charts. This is done until students run out of ideas. Engage students in a discussion about what they wrote in the K column.
Step 2 : What I want to Know, ask students what they want to learn about the topic. The teacher and students record these questions in the W column of their charts. This is done until students run out of ideas for questions. If students respond with statements, help them to turn it into questions before recording them in the W column.
Step 3 : What I have Learned, ask students to read the text and fill out the L column of their charts. Students should look for the answers to the questions in their W column while they are reading. Students can fill out their L columns either during or after reading.

While, Crawford et al (2005:23) also explains that there are some steps of KWL strategy as follow: