Chapter II. Tourism reforms to improve travelling and tourism organisations in uzbekistan

Partial assimilation.This is a case when a young person sacrifices his culture in favor of a foreign cultural environment in part, in one of the spheres of life or for a short period. In order to reduce the “cultural shock”, the tourist program gives the opportunity to “live in the camp of the Bedouins”, “climb Kilimanjaro with guides”, “immerse yourself in the life of a desert island for 2-3 days”, etc. All these offers are additional, because e. optional to the main program, compiled on the basis of the usual recreational standards for tourists of a particular country, youth social group, etc. This is “soft” tourism, the development of which is discussed in domestic and foreign literature as a promising direction of tourism activity on the terms of a reasonable compromise ' and 'foreign' cultures.
5. Cultural colonization. This phenomenon is specially considered by L.G. Ionin. It means a way of overcoming the conflict of cultures, in which representatives of a foreign culture, having arrived in a country (or other place), actively impose their own values, norms and behavior patterns on the population. Such situations of interaction of cultural and value systems, unfortunately, have become commonplace in many countries where mass tourism has come to the regions where endangered, unique cultures live or “backward” cultures are considered from the position of arriving cultures. Largely because of this phenomenon, the term “cultural tourism” arose, which turned out to be partially associated with the problem posed in the 90s of the twentieth century before the world community by the need to preserve cultural diversity in the world and the destructive role of mass tourism as a phenomenon of modern society. Meanwhile, as noted above,
Thus, today, as the content of youth tourism programs, a mechanical “gluing” of “usual” and “new” is more often observed at best, and at worst - a proposal for a complete switching of young people into a different culture as something “exotic”, “unusual”, “ extreme”, incomparable with the existing social and cultural experience. With this approach, there is no real enrichment of the cultural potential of the social experience of young people participating in the tourism program, because the new "strange" remains at the level of emotional reactions, but not at the level of enrichment of the cultural potential of the individual and his social experience.
For a deeper comprehension of the cultural content of a particular tourist program, there should be a steady desire to reflect and process one’s experiences, information and norms of “foreign” and “own” culture, which positively affect the value system and lifestyle of tourists. In modern Russian society, there are frequent changes in the social and individual orientations of young people, which is manifested in the nature of the choice of changes in their lifestyle by the “trial and error” method.
In the wake of these changes, a “fashion” has arisen for some forms of youth lifestyle: “goths”, “emo”, “bikers”, etc. Each youth group has its own preferences in the field of tourism, the need to express themselves in an appropriate way. These preferences are “superimposed” by social stratification in this age group. Young people with a high standard of living are oriented towards relevant tourism standards corresponding to this level (high-quality tourism service, expensive entertainment, visiting prestigious sights and places of recreation, etc.).
The same youth social groups that found themselves below the poverty line for various reasons were forced to accept the “new status” and its attributions, having practically no free time and opportunities for development and spiritual growth. Up to 60% of the Russian population spent their holidays at home by 2000. At the same time, these social groups, including young people, need a variety of tourism activities that contribute to their full social adaptation and inculturation in modern conditions. “A decrease in the general mobility of the population, a more than 2-fold increase in the proportion of the population spending their summer holidays in the country, with relatives and friends, led to a decrease in the number of tourist trips within the country” [5, p. 10-11].
In this situation, the lack of a variety of socially oriented tourism activities for young people can be overcome to a certain extent by emphasizing the moral, spiritual, scientific and educational components of tourism programs, which are still in demand by young people. This emphasis also makes it possible to develop youth social tourism, often relying on the principle of "zero economy" - without large special financial investments, where its main resource is the enthusiasm and selflessness of the participants in tourist routes.
The active destruction of habitual cultural forms and attempts by the youth of Russia to independently master new ways of life during the period of perestroika in the 1990s clearly demonstrated the fact that many of its group and personal problems were not resolved, but, on the contrary, worsened. Such youth problems arose as: apathy for life, social inactivity, aggressiveness and moral degradation, total neurosis, an increase in suicides, prostitution, criminality, etc.
In fact, the process of young people's search for their own social and cultural identity, associated with a qualitative change in the orientation of society, gives socially effective results in the form of travel, the purpose of which is the exploration and development of foreign cultural experience as a reserve of human resources in comparison with their own cultural traditions and stereotypes.
The spread of travel and subsequently mass tourism indicates the presence of special properties inherent in this type of cultural activity. The problem of matching the content of tourism activities as a type of cultural activity and the way it is organized today is becoming fundamental in the socio-cultural design of organized tourism. A cultural analysis of the reasons why a person turns to travel as one of the possibilities for studying the general laws of human existence and the complexities of everyday life provides grounds for predictive design in the field of tourism today.