Chapter language nominations of football teams, players and their non-verbal actions

Sherdor

2

Birds and insects

Lochin, Shoʻrchi-Lochin

Sherdor - Uzbek (Sherdor) name combined from Sher- "lion" + Dor/Dar- "possessing; possessing".

Lochin - yirtqich qushlar turkumining lochinsimonlar oilasiga mansub qush. 20 dan ortiq kenja turi maʼlum. Modasi yirik, gavdasining uz. 49 sm gacha, qanotlari yoyilganida 115 sm gacha vazni 1.2 kg gacha. Nari modasidan ancha kichik. Keng tarqalgan, Oʻrta Osiyoda sahro L.i va tundra L.i uchraydi. Sahro L.i oʻtroq yashaydi; tundra L. faqat qishlash uchun uchib keladi. Monogam. Uyasini togʻli va jarlik joylarga quradi. Apr.-mayda 2-3 ta tuxum qoʻyadi. Bolalari mustaqil uchadigan boʻlguncha ota-onasining qaramogʻida boʻladi. Qushlar va boshqa bilan oziqlanadi. Sahro L. i va tundra L. i qushlarni ovlashga oʻrgatiladi.
Thus, it is shown in this paragraph, based on the data of the analysis of English teams, the nomination with a component of animal creatures represents the largest part in the thematic classification and is actively used as a central element. In the Uzbek language, this nomination is not used so actively in team names.
Nominations of English and Uzbek teams using ethnonyms and abstract concepts

The object of research in this paragraph is the nomination of English and Uzbek teams using ethnonyms.

Within this paragraph, it is considered necessary to present the definitions of the term ethnonym, which are given in the article of the researcher Bayrammyradov Geldi on the topic "Types of ethnonyms and their semantics (based on dictionary data)"
Tab. . Dictionary definitions and interpretations of the term ethnonym

The researcher Bayrammyradov G. claims that, regardless of the type of dictionary, in all definitions and interpretations the “name” component is used, occasionally its synonyms: “name” and “nomen”. This fact testifies to two things: firstly, that the ethnonym is a term, since the main function of the term is to nominate a scientific concept that is outside the nomination itself, and, secondly, this proves its non-linguistic motivation. A further review of the definitions does not seem informative to us.

The analysis of the linguistic material in our scientific research showed that the names of British football teams use the names of the indigenous peoples of Great Britain, represented by the following linguistic correlates: noun. Irish (Irish) - Notre Dame Fighting Irish; noun Saxon (Saxon) - Peterborough Saxons; noun Celtic (Celt) - Leeds Celtics', n. Gael (gael) - Kingston Golden Gaels. The name of the Chester Romans team adjoins this group.
The names of Uzbek teams use the names of historical as well as modern cities of Uzbekistan, for example: Buxoro, Gʻijduvon, Guliston, Hisor, Qoʻqon, Qumqoʻrgʻon, Urganch, Xiva, Xorazm, Kosonsoy, etc.
Consider the above examples in detail:
The noun Buxoro comes from the ancient Indian-Sanskrit word "vihara", which means "fortress". Bukhara is one of the ancient cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the administrative, economic and cultural center of the Bukhara region. The first capital of Uzbekistan. It was one of the major trading centers on the Great Silk Road.
The noun Gʻijduvon is a city (since 1972) in the Gijduvan district of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the center of the district. Located 49 km northeast of Bukhara, in the upper part of the Bukhara oasis. The nearest railway station is Kyzyltepa (17 km). Among the locals there are different stories about the origin of the toponym Gijduvan. Among them, they interpret “Kish tuvon” (“kish” in Tajik - planter, “tuvon” - address), that is, the address of farmers planting crops, or “Gujudekhan” - a place consisting of many villages. The territory of the city and its environs have long been considered an area of developed agriculture.
Noun Guliston - a place full of flowers (city, village, district). Gulistan is the center of the Syrdarya region. The city of Gulistan was founded in 1961. The city is divided into several parts: districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, "Akhillik", "Mahalla", "Sumvikha", "Dostlik barrows", "Ulughabad barrows" (added in 1985), "Vesti ".
The noun Hisor- (Arabic - to surround, limit) - a fortress wall, a fortified city, a defensive fortification in mountainous areas, a hill in the Central Asian khanates.
The noun Qoʻqon is a city in the Fergana region in the east of Uzbekistan. Located in the lower reaches of the Sokh River (network). Population 254,700 (2020). It was the capital of the Kokan Khanate. This city is one of the largest cities in the Fergana region.
Noun Qumqoʻrgʻon - the city of Kumkurgan district of Surkhandarya region, the center of the region (since 1971), is located on the right bank of the Surkhandarya region, in the lower reaches of the South Surkhan reservoir. Transport station Kumkurgan - the name of the district and city. Kum Noun Urganch - (until 1929 New Urgench) - a city in the Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the administrative, economic and cultural center of the region. On the left bank of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya. The Shavat Canal passes through the center of the city and divides Urgench into northern and southern parts. Kokhna-Urganch (Turkmen: Konye Khvenkhaүrgnch - Persian: خنه‌ غرگانگ Kuhne Gurgānj, Persian: Ḥuhnh‌ اwrganj Kuhne Urganj) is a city in the Tashkhovuz region of Turkmenistan (since 1986). The administrative center of the Kokhnaurganch region. Historical sources describe it as Urganj or Gurganj.
The noun Xiva- "Kha", "Si-water", "Kang" - river, ankhor, ha-oz (reservoir) - pool in the ancient Khorezmian language, pushing aside the language process like Ha, Xi, Hoi, Chu, Su, (water) It is possible that she passed and gradually became turkish. Also, as evidence of the meaning of the word in the Turkic languages, several examples of the term “Khiv” can be given: kiya, khiya, khiv (rock, hilltop).
Noun Xorazm - (Arabic خورزم) - an ancient region of Central Asia with a center on the banks of the Amu Darya - an ancient state and an area of ​​developed irrigated agriculture, crafts and trade. The Great Silk Road passed through Khorezm. At the end of the 3rd century, the capital of Khorezm was the city of Kat; At the end of the 10th century, the capital was moved to the city of Urgench (now the city of Old Urgench). A group of researchers belonging to different generations tried to explain the term Khorezm. For example, Clippert and Lerkh interpreted the name "Khorezm" as "low-lying land", Burnuf, Zahau, Geiger as "fertile land", and Justi and Spiegel, on the contrary, as "bad, barren land".
The noun Kosonsoy is a stream in the Ferghana Valley. Right tributary of the Syr Darya. It starts from the Chatkal ridge called Chilkuduksoy and flows in an east and southeast direction. Own. 154 km. The area of the basin is 1650 km², the average height is 2347 m. There are small glaciers at the starting point. The upper course of the river is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan.
We have identified in the names of both English teams and Uzbek ones the use of the names of cities, peoples and nations, which are due to two reasons: firstly, the desire to reflect
ethnocultural specifics, and secondly, the desire to assert their right to defend the honor of the area for which the team stands.
In the course of the study, it was found that the function of the central component in the names of football English and Uzbek teams is often performed by names denoting abstract concepts.
So, in English, abstract nouns are used, as a rule, in the singular form, and the use of the singular makes it possible to emphasize the unity of the team and its ability to act harmoniously.
As observations show, for example, the noun revolution is central to the nomination of the English football team New England Revolution. In the meaning of noun. revolution (a sudden radical or complete change; activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in the socioeconomic situation; MWCD, 1003) the semantic multiplier "radical" comes to the fore, the presence of which makes it possible to emphasize the readiness of football players to take radical actions to achieve victory, In the semantic structure of the name under consideration, there is also an implicit feature of "aggressiveness", which stands out from the general picture of the world: it is known that a revolution never goes without violence. Thus, using the noun revolution to name the team, the nominee emphasizes the aggressiveness of the players and their willingness to win at any cost.
The noun mutiny (rebellion) is the same as the noun. revolution allows you to emphasize the aggressiveness and willingness to break the established rules in order to achieve victory. These signs are not explicated in the dictionary entry of the name in question (mutiny - open rebellion against constituted authority, ecp. by seamen or soldiers against their officers; CCD, 987), but are derived from background knowledge about the world.
The central component of the Pes Moines Menace team name is the noun menace (threat). The choice of this name makes it possible to emphasize the fact that the nominee (team players) poses a threat to the opponent.
English football teams may use the noun fury (intense, disordered and often destructive rage; MWCD, 474). Consider the semantic structure of this name: fury + rage + intense + disordered + destructive
The semantic multipliers listed above, which make up the meaning of the name fury, indicate the intention of the nominee to predicate such characteristics as aggressiveness (or sports anger) to athletes, as well as the ability to beat the opponent.
The choice of the energy name, which is a central component of the Oklahoma City Energy FC team's name, allows the player characterization of energy to be brought to the fore.
The use of the noun force (strength or energy exerted or brought to bear: active power; MWCD, 455) makes it possible to emphasize the strength and energy of the team, which we conclude from the semantic factors "powerful" and "energetic" explicated in the definition.
The central element of the name of the West Virginia Chaos football team is the noun chaos. In the dictionary entry for the name chaos (the inherent unpredictability in the behavior of a natural system, a state of utter confusion; MWCD, 191), the signs "unpredictable" and "confusing" are recorded. When the name in question is updated, these signs are transformed as follows: the semantic factor “unpredictable” is transformed into the characteristic “it is impossible to unravel the tactics of the team”; the attribute "confusing" is transformed into the characteristic "capable of frustrating the enemy's plans."
The noun magic (the use of means (as charms and spells) believed to have supernatural power over natural forces; MWCD, 699) is a central component of the New York Magic team nomination. The sign "supernatural power" comes to the fore in the meaning of this name. The choice of this name allows you to predicate the sign of "supernatural power" to the players.
An analysis of the factual material showed that the following nominations are found in the names of Uzbek football teams: Akademiya, Bunyodkor, Dinamo, Doʻstlik, Istiqlol, Lokomotiv, etc.
Noun Akademiya - (Greek academia, from a personal name). 1) a garden near Athens, given to Plato by the Athenian citizen Akademos, for his conversations with his students. 2) an educational institution of the highest category with some special teaching. 3) a society of scientists or artists with the aim of developing some kind of science or art.
The noun Bunyodkor is a word of Persian origin, which literally translates into Russian as a creator. Present in some Iranian (Persian, Dari, Tajik) and Turkic (Uzbek, Uighur, Turkmen) languages.
Noun Dinamo (Greek δύναμις, "strength") 1. the first component of compound words, corresponding in meaning to the word "strength"; 2. Dynamo or dynamo machine is an obsolete name for a DC generator.
The noun Doʻstlik is bu ijtimoiy-axloqiy va psixologik tushuncha. O'zaro hurmat, yoqtirish, manfaatlarning umumiyligi, yaqinlik, bir-birini tushunishga asoslangan kishilar o'rtasidagi munosabat shaklini ifodalaydi. Kishilarning muloqot shakli sifatidagi Do'stlik qonqardoshlik, oʻrtoqlik, birodarlik tushunchalariga yaqin, lekin psixologik nuqtai nazardan esa ulardan oʻzining alohidaligi, tanlash xususiyati, his-tuygʻu bilan farq qiladi. Axloqiy psixologik hodisa va shaxsiy xislat sifatida do'stlik odamning yoshi (bolalik, oʻsmirlikdagi do'stlik), shaxsning shakllanishi bilan (maktabdagi, talabalik yillaridagi,
armiyadagi do'stlik) o'zgarib boradi. Ijtimoiy-axloqiy muhit, kishilarning turmush tarzi do'stlikning mazmun-mohiyatini belgilaydi. O'zaro manfaat (Epikur, utilitarizm namoyandalari), "tabiiy yoqtirish" hissi (A. Smit), baxtga erishishga ko'maklashish (18-asr fransuz ma'rifatparvarlari) va boshqalar do'stlikning asosi sifatida qaralgan. Haqiqiy, mustahkam do'stlik yuksak, ijtimoiy ahamiyatga ega boʻlgan maqsad va ideallar mushtarakligini anglash asosida shakllanadi. Do'stlik millat va xalqlar oʻrtasidagi ijobiy aloqalarda ham oʻz ifodasini topadi. Hozirgi davrda ko'p millatli O'zbekistonning rivojlanishi uchun xalqlar o'rtasidagi do'stlik nihoyatda muhim. Xalqlar, millat va elatlar o'rtasidagi do'stlik O'zbekistonda ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta'minlashning muhim shartlaridan biridir.
The noun Istiqlol means (arabchadan "ozodlik", "mustaqillik", "erkin boʻlish") - inson, millat, davlatning erkin rivojlana olish imkoniyatini ifodalovchi tushuncha. „Istiqlol“ soʻzi „mustaqillik“ soʻziningoʻzagi hisoblanadi va unga nisbatan bir-lamchi asos vazifasini oʻtaydi. Arab tilidan kirib kelgan bu so'zlar asrlar davomida qo'llanib, o'zbek xalqi tafakkuriga singib ketgan. Mustaqillikka erishish istiqlolning toʻla maʼnoda vokelikka aylangani, yaʼni boshqalarga tobe boʻlmay, oʻz erki bilan yashash, oʻzini-oʻzi boshqarish va oʻz taqdirini oʻzi belgilash kabi tamoyillarning to ʻla amalga oshganini bildiradi. Istiqlol, asosan, siyosiy jihatdan erkin boʻlishni anglatadi, mustaqillik - barcha sohalarda toʻla ozodlikka erishilgani, ixtiyori oʻzida ekanini ifodalaydi.
The noun Lokomotiv means: (French locomotive - from Latin loco moveo - I move), a traction machine for moving trains on rails: electric locomotives (contact and battery), motor cars (electric diesel trains), diesel locomotives, railcars, locomotives , gas turbine locomotives, steam locomotives, combined (diesel-electric locomotives, etc.).
The noun Mehnat means: 1.jamiyat yoki alohida individ talab va ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun bajariladigan faoliyat turidir;
2. Mehnat iqtisodiyotda ishlab chiqarish omillaridan biri sifatida koʻriladi. 2. Mehnat - insonning maqsadga muvofiq ijtimoiy foydali faoliyati; eng avvalo tabiat predmetlarini oʻzgartirib, ehtiyojga moslashtirishni bildiradi. Mehnat kishilik jamiyati hayotining asosiy sharti, chunki u tufayli insoniyatning yashashi uchun zarur boʻlgan moddiy va maʼnaviy neʼmatlar yaratiladi.
The noun Iftixor means (tojikcha: Iftikhor, avvali Qirkquduq) - Tojikiston shimoli-gʻarbidagi jamoat. Sug'd viloyati Asht tumanida joylashgan. 2015-yil hisobiga ko'ra aholisi 11201 nafarni tashkil etgan, qishloqdan, jumladan Iftixor va Kattasarqamishdan iborat.
Noun Obod- 1. Koʻrkam binolar, chiroyli koʻchalar, bogʻu rogʻlar bilan goʻzallik kasb etgan, gullab-yashnagan. 2. Yaxshi qarov, parvarish bilan yetil-tirilgan. 3. Xalq ko'p yig'iladigan, gavjum va ser-fayz.
In this contest, we consider it necessary to also present the names of the Uzbek teams, where there are nominations for
Thus, names denoting abstract concepts in the names of English and Uzbek teams quite often serve as the central nomination of a football team. Nouns belonging to this group, as a rule, are used in the singular form, which makes it possible to emphasize the unity of the team, its ability to act harmoniously. Such names make it possible to emphasize the following characteristics of football players: the strength of the players, the aggressiveness of the athletes, their energy, the willingness to take radical measures in order to achieve victory, the ability to build game tactics, the threat that the team poses to its opponent.
Team nominations using the names of mythical heroes and warriors
In this paragraph, we consider it necessary to consider first the names related to the group names of the heroes of ancient Greek myths and
ancient history, since these names are used in the names of English teams most often.
As a result of the analysis, we identified two subgroups:
names of ancient warriors and commanders;
mythical gods and demigods.
The names of ancient warriors and commanders used in the names of teams are represented by the following nouns: Spartan (Spartan) - San Jose State Spartans; Trojan (Trojan) - Torbay Trojans; Argonaut (argonaut) - Toronto Argonauts; gladiator (gladiator) - Gloucestershire Gladiators; centurion (centurion - commander in the Roman army) - York Centurions; Caesar (Caesar) - Nottingham Caesars.
The use of the name Spartan in the name of the team allows you to emphasize such qualities as courage and discipline. We single out these signs from the dictionary definition of the noun Spartan (a native or inhabitant of ancient Sparta; a person of great courage and self-discipline; MWCD, 1127).
The noun Trojan (a native or inhabitant of ancient Troy; a person who is hard-working and determined; CCD, 1615), in the semantic structure of which the characteristics "hard-working" and "determined" are distinguished, makes it possible to predicate team members of such qualities as hard work and determination.
The choice of the name gladiator ((in ancient Rome and Etruria) a man trained to fight in arenas to provide entertainment; a person who supports and fights publicly for a cause, CCD, 608) as the central component of the team name helps to emphasize the following features: fight” (this characteristic is recorded in the dictionary entry for the name gladiator), as well as “strong” and “brave” (this feature is implicit, but it is well known to the recipient, it is derived from elementary knowledge of ancient history).
The use of the name of the Roman emperor Caesar (any of the Roman emperors succeeding Augustus Caesar—used as a title; often not capitalized: a powerful ruler; MWCD, 159) allows us to emphasize qualities such as "strength" and "greatness". In the name of the Nottingham Caesars team, the eponym in question is used in the plural, which allows us to attribute the above features equally to all players.
Often, team nominations include the names of mythical gods and demigods, the central function in the nominations of teams can be performed by the following names: titan (titan) - Manchester Titans; giant (giant) - New York Giants; Olympian (inhabitant of Olympus) - London Olympians. Among the names of the teams there are also nominations containing the proper names of the Greek gods, namely the goddess of retribution Nemesis - Nemesis: Northampton Nemesis.
The use of the noun command titan (a person of great strength or size; CCD, 1563) or giant (a legendary creature usually thought of as being an extremely large and powerful person; a person or thing that is very large, powerful, or successful; MWCD, 491), the meaning of which is inherent in the features "incredible strength" and "gigantic size" (explicated in the dictionary definitions of these names), allows us to predicate these characteristics to the players.
The noun Olympian in the name of the team contributes to the emphasis on such signs as "strength" and "power". These characteristics are implicit, since they are not recorded in the dictionary entry of the name in question (Olympian - a god of Olympus; CCD, 1047), but they are easily extracted from the background knowledge of ancient mythology.
The use of the name of the ancient Greek goddess of retribution Nemesis, whose figurative meaning is fixed - an opponent or enemy that is very difficult to defeat (MWCD, 778) - emphasizes the following feature of the team called with this noun: it is very difficult to defeat.
The second group consists of the names of warriors. The following nouns are used in team names: knight (knight) - Reading Knights; warrior (warrior) -Waterloo Warriors, lancer (lancer) - Oxford Lancers; viking (Viking) - Minnesota Vikings; commodore (commodore) - Vanderbilt Commodores; brave (Indian warrior) - Derby Braves and others.
The central component of the Armie Black Knights nomination is the noun knight. Consider the semantic structure of the name knight (a person who served his lord as a mounted and heavily armed soldier; a person invested by a sovereign with a nonhereditary rank and dignity usually in recognition of personal services, achievements, etc.; CCD, 813), a also the transformation of its semantic multipliers when updating the name as the core of the name of the football team. Explicated in the definition of the virtual name knight, the sign “having a high social status” is transformed into the characteristic “high-class athlete”, the sign “having personal merit” is transformed into the semantic factor “famous”. In the dictionary entry, noun. knight also recorded the attribute "soldier" (soldier - a person who works delightenly for a cause; CCD, 1431), which is transformed into the characteristic "dedicated to the game".
In the structure of the meaning of the noun admiral (a naval officer of the highest rank, equivalent to general of the army or field marshal; CCD, 17), used in the name of the Arie Admirals team, the sign comes to the fore (as well as in the meaning of the name knight) "of the highest rank". The presence of this feature emphasizes the high level of professionalism of the players.
The use of the name warrior (a person engaged in, experienced in, or devoted to war; CCD, 1702) makes it possible to emphasize such features as experience and devotion to the game, which we derive from the semantic factors "experienced" and "devoted to war" presented in the dictionary. article of the given noun.
The noun brave is the core of the Boston Braves and Derby Braves team names. This name, which is derived from the adjective brave (brave), is primarily intended to emphasize the courage of the players.
The choice of the name viking (any sea rover, plunderer, or pirate; CCD, 1680) in the name of the Minnesota Vikings team allows the nominee to emphasize such signs predicted by the team's players as aggressiveness, strength and danger. These characteristics are implicit. They are derived from the semantic multipliers "pirate" and "plunderer", as well as from background knowledge about the Vikings, whose main occupation was raiding for capture and plunder.
An analysis of the factual material in the Uzbek language showed that the names of football teams also include the names of mythical gods and demigods, the names of ancient warriors and generals.
Consider the implementation of nominations in the names of Uzbek teams: Olimpik, Spartak, Turon.
The noun Turon - in the ancient languages of Farsi, Sanskrit and the Turkic language, the linguistic meaning of the word Turon meant a hero.
The noun Spartak - (lat. Spartacus; 110 BC - 71 BC) - Roman gladiator, leader of the Spartacus Rebellion.
The noun Olimpik implements the same meaning as in English team names.
As we can see from the given examples, the names of Uzbek teams use fewer nominations, which include the names of mythical gods and demigods, the names of ancient warriors and generals.
However, as a result of the analysis, you revealed that historicisms function in the names of Uzbek teams, for example: Soʻgʻdiyona, Registon, Sohibkor, etc.
The noun Soʻgʻdiyona is also Sogd (Avest. Suγda; Sogd. Soɣd, swγδykstn [Səγʷδī́kstən]; Greek Σογδιανή; Persian سغد‎; Taj. Suғd; Uzbek Sog ʻd/Sugd) is an ancient historical region in Central Asia, in the eastern interfluve of the Oksa ( Amudarya) and Yaksart (Syrdarya), in the center of the Zarafshan valley. From the 9th century it became part of Maverannahr and the Samanid state. Now in the former territory of Sogd there are Uzbekistan (where the center of Sogdiana was located - the city of Samarkand) and Tajikistan (the territory of the Sughd region). Some researchers believe that Sogd consisted of three parts: Bukhara, Samarkand and Kashkadarya Sogds. In the VIII century BC. e. the capital of the state - Marakanda (Samarkand) was founded here. The second capital of Sogd was located on the site of the current settlement of Kuk-tepa in the Payaryk district of the Samarkand region. Sogdian merchants and diplomats traveled as far west as Byzantium. They played an important role as intermediaries on the trade route of the Great Silk Road. Although the Sogdians and their descendants initially followed the beliefs of Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Buddhism and, to a lesser extent, Nestorianism from Western Asia, the gradual conversion to Islam among the Sogdians and their descendants began with the Arab conquest of Central Asia in the 8th century. The conversion of the Sogdians to Islam was almost complete by the end of the Samanid era in 999, which coincided with the decline of the Sogdian language, as it was largely supplanted by Persian.
Registon (Iran., literally - a place covered with sand, from reg - sand and stan - a place; taj. registon). The name of the front squares in the cities of the Middle East. The most famous Registan in Samarkand is a masterpiece of urban planning art of Central Asia in the 1517th century. The first architectural design of Samarkand R. refers mainly to the 1st half of the 15th century, when the square space of the square was built around the perimeter by a group of monumental buildings. Its walls are almost entirely covered with the richest decor: ornamental mosaics made of colored bricks, glazed and carved ceramics; marble panels. The majestic sound of the ensemble is largely created by the rhythm of the large forms of its constituent structures. Tall, rationally organized buildings saturated with bright decor effectively stood out against the general background of the low, cramped development of the city, affirming its center - the junction of the main street arteries.
Thus, the names of the heroes of ancient Greek myths and ancient history very often act as a central component in the names of English and Uzbek football teams. Their use is intended to emphasize the strength, courage, discipline, greatness and invincibility of athletes. The names of warriors are also used in the nominations of the teams, which allow the nominee to focus on such characteristics of the players as courage, experience, a high level of professionalism, as well as devotion to the game.
Team nominations using titles
natural phenomena and facts of nature
In this paragraph, we would like to focus on the analysis of the names of natural objects that are quite often used in relation to a person. In linguistics, linguists identify two most common models for the functioning of an anthropocentric metaphor:
1. natural object -> human characteristic;
2. natural object or phenomenon —> a group of people.
So the researcher claims that when using the first model, the anthropocentric metaphor is based on the following features of words denoting natural formations: physical properties (granite, flint), value, outstanding features (pearl, star, gold, nugget, luminary, sun), appearance (icicle), size (grain of sand), functional features (source). On the basis of the second model, the names of populations of people are formed, motivated by such components of the meaning of units of the thematic group "inanimate nature", as the nature of movement (whirlpool, wave), age (growth), quantity (sea), character of movement + quantity (avalanche, stream, river )
As a result of the analysis of the nominations of English teams, we found that the names of destructive natural phenomena quite often act as the central component of team names. The names related to this group can be represented by the following nouns: hurricane (hurricane) - Miami Hurricanes, tornado (tornado) - Burnley Tornadoes, tsunami (tsunami) - Brighton Tsunami, storm (storm) - Swindon Storm, cyclone (cyclone) - Iowa State Cyclones, etc. Sometimes the team name contains a metaphor, which is a hidden comparison of 11 players working smoothly and accurately, with a wave / element, in this case nouns were noted as language correlates. tide (tide) - Alabama Crimson Tide; noun wave (wave) - Tulane Green Wave; noun surge (big wave) - Staffordshire Surge and others.
Let's start a detailed analysis in this context with the functioning of names related to the group of destructive natural phenomena, with the noun hurricane, which is the core of the nomination of the Miami Hurricanes team. The dictionary entry for the name hurricane (an extremely large, powerful, and destructive storm with very strong winds that occurs especially in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean; MWCD, 566) explicates large, powerful, and destructive. The first two characteristics allow you to emphasize the physical and muscular strength of the players. The nominee also focuses on the sign "possessing destructive power", however, when using the noun. hurricane in relation to football players, this characteristic is transformed into a sign "capable of breaking the enemy."
The name of a natural phenomenon tornado (a violent storm with winds whirling around a small area of extremely low pressure, usually characterized by a dark funnel-shaped cloud causing damage along its path; any violently active or destructive person or thing; CCD, 1592) in the title football team allows you to focus on such signs predicted by the players as "extraordinary activity" and "the ability to break the opponent." Both features are recorded in the dictionary entry of the noun under consideration.
The use of the name storm allows us to emphasize such characteristics as strength and fury, which are derived from the dictionary definition of this noun: storm - a violent weather condition of strong winds, rain, hail, thunder, lightning, blowing sand, snow, etc; CCD, I486).
The central component of the name of the Brighton Tsunami football team is the noun tsunami (a large, often destructive, sea wave prQduced by a submarine earthquake, subsidence, or volcanic eruption. Sometimes incorrectly called a tidal wave; CCD, 1620). In the meaning of this name, the semantic factors "large" and "destructive" are distinguished, which makes it possible to focus on the following characteristics of athletes: "capable of breaking the enemy" and "representing
danger to the opponent”, the last sign presupposes the characteristic “strong” / “powerful”.
The use of the noun cyclone (tropical storm), which is the core of the Iowa State Cyclones team name, emphasizes the indomitable nature and power of the players.
The core of the team name Anaheim Bolts is the noun bolt (lightning). When designating players with the name bolt (a lightening stroke: also thunderbolt, MWCD, 128; thunderbolt - a person or thing that resembles lightening in suddenness, effectiveness, or destructive power: MWCD, 1231), a metaphorical transfer occurs based on several associative features . Firstly, from the picture of the world it is known that the electric charge that causes a flash of light in the sky moves at a speed of several thousand kilometers per second, so the use of the noun bolt allows you to emphasize the ability of football players to run very fast. Secondly, in the dictionary entry of the name in question, it is noted that when it is used to name a person, the characteristics “efficiency” and “destructive power” come to the fore.
From the general picture of the world, it is known that natural phenomena denoted by the nouns hurricane (hurricane), tornado (tornado), storm (storm), cyclone (tropical storm), tsunami (tsunami), earthquake (earthquake), etc., are characterized by such features such as "terrifying" and "threatening". The use of such names allows the team members to be predicated of the following characteristics: "inspiring fear in the opponent" and "posing a threat to the opponent." These signs are implicit, since, as a rule, they are not reflected in the dictionary definition of the above names.
The names of football teams also use the names of natural elements that are not destructive. Thus, the core element of the name of the American football team Santa Ana Winds is the noun wind (a current of air, sometimes of considerable force, moving generally horizontally from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure; CCD, 1739). In the meaning of this name, the semantic factor “strength” (separated from the definition) comes to the fore, which presupposes the sign “high speed”, since from the general picture of the world it is known that a powerful air flow moves at high speed.
The name of the Milwakee Wave team is based on the noun wave (wave). In the meaning of this name, there is implicitly the sign "strength". The use of the noun in question in the singular allows us to emphasize the unity and coherence of the team's work.
In another case, the noun flame is used (a hot usually luminous body of burning gas often containing small incandescent particles, typically emanating in flickering streams from burning material or produced by a jet of ignited gas; intense passion or ardour; burning emotion; CCD, 544) , used in the Westchester Flames team name. In the semantic structure of the noun. flame, the following signs are distinguished: 1. "ardour", indicating that the players work on the field with fervor, enthusiasm and great zeal to win; l.'full of energy" (energy), we deduce this sign from the general knowledge of the world, from which it is known that the flame is an outburst of energy.
The analysis of the nouns used in the names of the Uzbek teams revealed and determined the following nominations using natural phenomena: Navbahor, Zirabuloq, Toʻpalang, Zomin, Zarafshon, etc.
Navbahor is translated from the Persian-Tajik language literally as New Spring.
Zirabuloq- ZIRABULOK TOGLARI - Samarkand Viloyatidagi Toglar. Geologist Zhihatdan Zarafshon tismasining shim. harbiy davomi. Sharqda
Zhom chuli, garbda Ziyovuddin toglari bilan chegaradosh. Jean. yes Karnob chuli tekisligdan tick shoulder bn zhralgan, shim. yes Zarafshon daryosi vodyysiga tutashgan. Eng baland joyi 1120 m. Shim. kismining ball. 930-1100 m, marcasium qismi 830-890 m. Jean. Qismida Ayribel, Qushdara, Zhalqir, Alemy (1054 m), Piyoztog, Mahmudtog (962 m), shim. yes Beshtogva b. tog tizmalari mavjud. Ularning jean. important karbiy yon bagirlari tik kutarilgan koyali, tub zhinslari yalangoch, turli nurash shakllari bilan murakkablashgan, chuquur vator daralar hamda soylar bilan kuchli parchalangan. Shim. your shim. sharqy yon bagirlari yotiqroq va astasekin tog etaghi tekisligiga қўshilib ketadi. Proluvial shleiflar toglardan boshlangan soylarning cone eyilmalaridan iborat. Shim. yon bagirlarida tepaliklar va ular oraligida soyliklar mavjud. Kuruk soylar (Zhinichkasoy, Kuksoy, Ustungusoy, Chalkuduksoy va b.) and erta bakhor va ez boshida sat suvlari okadi. Zirabuloq toglarining shim. tizmalari kuyi silurning kumtoshslanets yotqiziklari, barcha koyali tog tizmalari yukori silurning ohaktoshlaridan tashkil topgan. Zirabuloq toglarining markaziy plateau qismida silur yotqiziqlarini intrusive zhinslar (granite) yorib kirgan. Tog etaklarini bўr, Paleogene va neogenning chўkindi zhinslari tashkil qilgan. Markaziy qismi platosimon Shakliga Ega relief, Paleozoining intrusive Katlamlaridan iborat. Kiska, lekin chukur vodiylar (Daraitut, Tim, Sipki, Kattasoy, Mullaburhon, Devonasoy, Zhuzumlisoy va b.) kalin oktosh katlamlarini kesib utgan. Ular bakhord tulib okib, ride deyarli kurib koladi. Toғlarda tipik bўz tuproқlar tarқalgan. Shim. yon bagirlarining kuyi qismlarida efemerlar, shirach, markazida okkurai aralash usadi. Cad. denudation of yuzalarida tragantli astragalus, bodom, toғ etaklarida қўzikuloқ, okқurai, shuvoқ ўsadi. Zirabulok toglarida qurilish materiallari, ohak ishlab chikarish uchun gypsum hom ashoshi konlari bor. Kdlai va simob konlari (Ingichka) ishlab turibdi. Tog etaklarida Oktosh sh., Ingichka shaharchasi, Karnob kishlogi zhoylashgan.
Toʻpalang - a river in Uzbekistan, or Tupalang reservoir) - a reservoir in Uzbekistan.
Zarafshon - Zerafshan, Zarafshan [(Persian زرافشان‎, Taj. Zarafshon - "gold-bearing", Uzbek Zarafshon / Zarafshon; from the Persian word Zar-afšān, زرافشان, meaning "spreader of gold"; in the upper reaches - Matcha, in the lower reaches - Karakuldarya ) is a river in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In ancient times, it was a tributary of the Amu Darya, at present it does not reach it due to the withdrawal of water for irrigation, dividing into branches in the Karakul oasis. Zeravshan irrigates lands with a rich cultural history.
Team nominations using the names of constructive and destructive heroes

The analysis of the collected examples in English allowed us to identify a group of football team names representing nominations, the central element of which are the names of bandits and robbers. We grouped similar nouns into a group of names of “destructive heroes”.

Quite often, the following names perform the function of the central component of team names: raider (raider / bandit) - Newcastle Raiders; buccaneer (pirate) - Hamilton Buccaneers; pirate (pirate) - East Carolina Pirates; rebel (rebel) - London Rebels; outlaw (criminal) - Edinburgh Outlaws.
In isolated cases, the following nouns are used as a nuclear element: roughneck (hooligan) - Aberdeen Roughnecks; marauder (marauder) - Hamilton Marauders; vandal (vandal) - Idaho Vandals.
The names belonging to the group of names of “destructive heroes” are united by the presence in the structure of their meanings of the following semantic factors: aggressiveness and contempt for the norms of the law and established rules of behavior, which are either explicated in the definition of the name in question, or are implicitly present in its meaning:
raider (raider) - one that raids in (MWCD, 965) raid (v) - to sneak into (aplace) in order to take something, steal, etc. (CCD, 1237); steal - to take away by force or unjust means (MWCD, 1150);
pirate (pirate) - a person or group of people who broadcast illegally (CCD, 1141); piracy - an act of robbery on the high seas (MWCD;); rob - to take something away from by force (MWCD, 873);
buccaneer (pirate/corsair) - an unscrupulous adventurer esp. in politics or business (MWCD, 148); buccaneer-freebooter-plunderer (MWCD, 464); plunder - to take the goods by force (MWCD, 896);
rebel (rebel) (n) - rebel (adj) opposing or takins arms against a government or ruler (MWCD, 974); (v) to renounce and resist by force the authority of one's government (MWCD, 974);
outlaw (criminal) - a lawless person or a figutive from the law (MWCD, 826);
roughneck (hooligan) - a rough or violent person (CCD, 1308); vandal - a person who deliberately causes damages to personal or public property (CCD, 1664).
Using these nouns, the nominee builds an associative-figurative connection between the players of the named team and certain destructive heroes. So, the noun pirate allows you to compare players with pirates, the enemy team - with the crew of the ship that the pirates are attacking, victory or a prize acts as a booty. In the meaning of the name pirate in this case, not only the features “inclined to break the established rules” (derived from the semantic factor “illigally”) and “using force” Stakes something away from by force” come to the fore, but also the characteristics cunning and bold. We deduce the last two characteristics from the general picture of the world: it is known that pirates often deceive the enemy in order to take possession of the booty, in addition, they often risk their own lives in a fight with the enemy.
The use of the noun vandal in the name of the team makes it possible to emphasize such a characteristic predicted by football players as aggressiveness (this feature is implicit) and the desire to destroy (explicit in the dictionary entry of the name). In this case, the enemy acts as the target of aggression, the players seek to destroy his strategy and tactics and break the opposing team.
The noun roughneck, in the meaning of which the signs "rough" and "violent" stand out, allows the nominee to emphasize such characteristics of the players as a tendency to use rude tricks and ruthlessness towards the opponent.
The use of the name "rebel" as a central component of the team's name makes it possible to predicate football players with such qualities as rebelliousness and the desire to fight against established norms. These signs are not directly indicated in the dictionary entry of the name rebel, but are derived from general knowledge about the world.
In the names of Uzbek teams, as a result of the analysis, we identified the following constructive nouns as a central component: Bunyodkor, Dimitrovchi, Narimanovets, Sverdlovets
Bunyodkor (Persian بنیادکار‎; Dari بنیادکار; Tajik Bunyodkor; Turkm. Bunyadkar; Uzbek Bunyodkor) is a word of Persian origin, which is literally translated into Russian as a creator.
Dimitrovchi - from the surname Dimitrov, which is of ancient Greek origin and means "gift of the gods." In traditional Bulgarian society, the surname Dimitrov was considered a sign of nobility and authority, as well as good luck and blessings from the gods.
Narimanovets - Name Nariman: meaning and origin. This is an ancient name of Persian origin and translates as "fearless" or "like fire." The male name Nariman is very popular among Muslims.
2. Nouns with a profession component: Atlaschi, Binokor, G'allakor-Avtomobilchi, Metallurg, Neftchi, Paxtakor Sementchi
Atlaschi - (“Atlaschi” is an Uzbek football club from the city of Margilan, Fergana province. Founded no later than 1991).
The main meaning of the noun atlaschi is as follows - made, sewn from atlas. From this example, we can conclude that in the nomination of the team name there is an analogy with the main production of the city of Margilan.
Binokor () is a Tajik word. Translated into Russian as: builder, builder of buildings. Binokor is the former name (from 1971 to 1974) of the city of Pakhtakor in the Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan.
Kimyogar ("Kimyogar" - a former Soviet and Uzbek football club from the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region. Founded no later than 1953) - Apprentice of jewelers, rare metals; chemistry.
Metallurg ("Metallurg" is an Uzbek football club from the city of Bekabad, Tashkent province (region)). The meaning of this noun is the collective name of professions related to metallurgy.
Thus, the use of the names of "destructive heroes" as a central component of the names of English teams allows us to predict the following characteristics of players: aggressiveness, contempt for established rules of behavior, a tendency to break the rules of the game, a predisposition to use rough tricks, defiance, courage and cunning.
According to the above materials, it can be concluded that constructive characteristics prevail as a central component in the names of Uzbek teams, such as: creation, peacefulness, diligence, courage and courage, etc.

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