Chapter: lexicology and its object subject matter of Lexicology

2.The difference between British and American English
He says that the difference between the American and British literary norms is not systematic. They have the same grammar system, phonetic system and vocabulary.
They can't be regarded as different languages. He says that the American language can't be considered as a dialect, because the two differ far less than the local dialects of Dewsbury and Howden—two English towns in Yorkshire . He thinks that the American language is the variant of the English national language spoken in the USA . The American variant of the English language differs from British English in pronunciation, grammar and in vocabulary. In Phonetics: For example, class, ask, after, path, dance etc are pronounced not by [a:] but by [ae]: [aesk], [asfta], [paaeG], [daens].
In spelling: cosy — cozy, colour — color, practice — practise etc, through <— thru, offence — offense, travelling — traveling.
In Grammar: For example. «will» is used for all persons in forming «Future Indefinite Tense». In oral speech the auxialary verb is omitted. For example. instead of «I have done» they say «I done». «I have seen, «I seen» etc, in usage of preposition «I live in the street», «I live on the streets. The letter «r» is pronounced at the end: car [ka:r]. We shall not discuss the phonetic and grammatical pecularities of the American variant of English thoroughly because they are the aim of other subjects —Grammar and Phonetics.
We shall discuss the lexical differences between the British and American variants of English. English words maybe divided into three groups: 1) those which are used both in England and in the USA or we call them «General English».
For example, country, nation, language, person, give etc; 2) those which are used only in America , «Americanisms»: drugstore ( аптека ), mailbox ( почта ), subway ( метро ), sidewalk ( тратуар ) truck — (rpy зовик ) supermarket ( большой магазин ); 3) those which are used only in Britain ; fortnight, flat, underground, lorry, pavement, government. In some cases two words can be used in both variants of English but one of them is more frequent in Britain , the other is in the USA . For example. «autumn» is more frequent in England but «fall» in the USA . «Time table is very frequent in Britain but «schedule» is very frequent in the USA. «Post» is more frequent in England but «mail» is very frequent in the USA . «Notice» is frequent in England , «bulletin» is in America etc.
Many words have wider meaning in the USA . For example, the verb «to fix» is a slatternly verb of all words in American speech. It can mean «repair, get ready, arrange, matters with, cook, comb» etc. For example. He's fixed it with the policeman. Fix a fire. Fix yourself up. She is fixing supper right now. Wait till I fix my hair etc.
The verb «to raises in American English can be used in the relation of trees, animals and children, but in England in these cases three different verbs are used. Ex: In England : one grows farm or garden, products, breeds animals and rears children. In America : one raises them all. Besides them many words in America have other meanings. The word «shop» in America has the meaning of "rysaxaflHraH >koh" (MacxepcKas) but in the meaning of «, дукон » ( магазин ), the word «store» is used. So «shoe shops in America is « пойафзал тузатадиган ишхона » ( мастерская для починки обуви ) A «shoe shop» in England is « пойафзал дукони ( обувной магазин ). «first floors and «second floor» in America are «биринчи кават» (первый этаж), «иккинчи кават» (второй этаж) but in England « first floor » is «иккинчи кават » (второй этаж) and «биринчи кават» ( nep вый этаж) is « the ground floor , « dessert » in England — «кечки овкатдан кейинги ширинлик » (десерт после ужина: олма(яблоко), енгок ( opex и). Узум(виноград) in America it means — only sweets. One of the characteristic features of American English is the formation of shortened words.
For example. D. P. (displaced person) FEAF (Far East Air Forces), Cincpoa (Commander in Chief of Pacific Ocean Area) etc. The differences of American and British English are based on the historical causes.
The American Contenent was discovered only in the 15th century. The first colonies came there in 1607 (at the beginning of the 17 th century). For more than three centuries the American vocabulary developed independently and was influenced by the new surroundings. Many words were borrowed from Indian people's languages who live in America . These words are usually the words which express geographi -cal names, names of trees, animals, birds, fish etc. For example, hickory гикори — opex, persimmon — ( финиковая слива , muskrat — o ндатра , mose — a мер . лось squaw — индианка , mash — кукурузная каша ( жухори бутка ), ohio — прекрасная река ( чиройли дарё ), Oklahoma — местность . From German: smearcase — cop т сыра ( пишлок тури ), bear garden, back country. From French prairie— луг ( ёй ). As to wordbuilding in the two variants, it is the same. The difference lies only in the more extensive use of some of them in American variants. For example, affixes- ette,- ee.super- (draftee, kitchenette, supper-market) and conversion (walk out — to walk out, major •—to major) are more frequent in American English.
Thus, the differences between British and American English are not much and they do not make a system.
If we compare American and British English we'll see the followings:

In the USA bulletin board fish dealer can opener grocery administration stock baggage intermission newsie game editorial check mail

In Great Britain notice board fish monger grocer's shop tin opener governmen share luggage interval newsboy match leader bill post