Chapter: lexicology and its object subject matter of Lexicology

2. Cognitive analysis of words
Cognitive linguistics has not well been defined yet among the linguists because of its some fragmentarity and uninvestigation. In general cognitive linguists is defined as linguistic approach which studies mental process of experiences of person and their results-knowledge. The essence of the cognitive linguistics is the imagination about the language as cognitive mechanism, giving the information on the world, and it is many-sidedly connected with the working up this information, it has directly relation to the construction, organization and improvement of the information and ways of its representation. It provides communicative process which presents a definite layers of knowledge 1 .
Summerizing the accumulated experience in the field of cognitive linguistics it is necessary to point out number of basic principles on which cognitive investigation is based on:
1) language is considered as a mental phenomena, as specific cognitive ability;
2) the position about creative, linguistic activity;
3) the problem of correlation between linguistics and mental structures, the process of characterization and conceptionizing of the world and their reflection in the languages are the crucial problems of cognative liguistics;
Postulating the necessity of the research is not only the external manifestation of the language but internal system of presentation of linguistic knowledge. The interpretation is done in the defmate model of knowledge: using linguistic knowledge; constructing the models etc.
Cognitive linguistics tries to work at primarily the conceptual information acquired in the experience of the world. Conceptual system is the system of opinions and knowledge on the world.
For example. Cognitive analysis of metaphor prefers the investigation not the separate cases of metaphorical formation of linguistic form but their systematic description of the definition of the basic categoric types.
For example, metaphors, including the component "high" are associated with the concept "success", "flourishing", "power": higher-up, high-flyer, high-handed, high-minded, high-stepper-, high-tide;
The metaphors with the component "down" is symbolized with "unsucces", "bad mood", failure: down-and-out, down-cost, downcome, downfallen, down­ hearted, downhill.
The concept "frame" is all the knowledge represented in human beings' mind as a definite structure. So frame is the structural organization of the knowledge, it is a cognitive correlator of this or that linguistic situation.
The meaning of the word "black" correspondes to the life situations in human's mind which gets the problem of knowledge and their representation in the language, the verbal expression and gives rise to number of linguistic units with negative, emotional, evaluative meanings: black-ball, black-list, black-mail, black-heart, black-market, black-mark, black-cat, black-magic, black-sheep. Black cat is associated with the concept "bad luck" the reason for such association is the existence of bad sign about a black cat crossing the road in many nations.
Concepts are divided into two types: concepts with universal meaning and concepts, having national-cultural significance. For example concept "beauty" 1 having universal properties has also national and cultural pecularities. The result of comparative analysis of female beauty in Uzbek and English confirm that different cultures evaluate female beauty differently.
In English: a) sexual attraction: sexy (enchantress, fox, babe) b) dangerous and destructive beauty: dangerous (siren, fimme-fatale, gold-digger, vamp) In Uzbek the inner sinsere quality is paid attention in female beauty. Ex: modesty, obedience, diligence and etc. (3nHnji, iiihphh cy3, MyjioBHMJiHK, apnra Hxoax, KaMxap and others) !