Check your english vocabulary for

marry before the age of 16, and can only do so between the ages of 16 and 18 with the written permission of his / her
parents or legal guardians. A child who is less than 10 years old is not considered capable of committing a crime; a child
between 10 and 14 years of age may be considered capable of doing so if there is evidence of malice or knowledge, and so
children of these ages can in certain circumstances be convicted. In criminal law the term 'child' is used for children
between the ages of 10 and 14; for children between 14 and 17, the term 'young person' is used; all children are termed
'juveniles'. If someone between these ages commits a crime, he / she is known as a young offender, and may be
sentenced in a Youth Court (previously known as a Juvenile Court).
Unit 0000
71
For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).

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Exercise 2:
1. benefit (Support is money paid regularly by one parent to the other parent, who is looking after a child / children.
Maintenance is payment made by a divorced or separated husband or wife to the former spouse, to help pay for living
expenses and also for the cost of bringing up the children. A pension is money a person receives when they retire) 2. False:
it is called access
3. False: this is now done by the Child Support Agency (CSA), an agency of the Department for Work and
Pensions: See The Family 1: Relationships on page 40) 4. Acting in the place of a parent, with parental responsibilities (for
example, while a child is at school, his / her teacher is in loco parentis) 5. delinquent (sometimes called a juvenile
delinquent. The act of causing delinquent acts is called delinquency) 6. (b). (a) is called fostering. (c) is called supervision
(usually as a result of a supervision order) 7. In theory, any of them, although married couples are generally preferred.
8. neglect / abuse 9. surrogate (if a man is unable to father a child, the couple may use a surrogate father. In both
circumstances, the child is usually conceived through artificial insemination) 10. (c) 11. True: they can be liable for
negligence and damages if they have given their children something 'dangerous' and which the children have failed to use
responsibly. The same applies if the parents have not exercised sufficient parental control for a child of any particular age
12. True 13. This is when children deliberately stay away from school without their parents' or teachers' permission (a child
who does this is called a truant. The verb is to play truant (to play hooky in the USA). Truancy is such a big problem in some
cities that police have a special truancy squad to deal with it. Parents can be fined or sent to prison if their children play
truant persistently) 14. 1 (h), 2 (f), 3 (d), 4 (g), 5 (c), 6 (a), 7 (e), 8 (b)
Human Rights 1 (pages 40 – 42)
Exercise 1:
1. equal 2. rights 3. conscience 4. entitled 5. distinction 6. race 7. political 8. jurisdictional 9. limitation
10. liberty 11. slavery 12. servitude 13. slave trade 14. prohibited 15. torture 16. degrading 17. discrimination
18. violation 19. incitement 20. tribunals 21. fundamental 22. constitution 23. arbitrary 24. detention 25. exile
26. impartial 27. obligations
Exercise 2:
Article 11: inocent = innocent, trail = trial, defense = defence, comitted = committed, penaltey = penalty
Article 12: arbitary = arbitrary, privatecy = privacy, reputeation = reputation, projection = protection
Article 13: residents = residence, boarders = borders, estate = state
Article 14: assylum = asylum, presecution = persecution (not prosecution), inboked = invoked, prossecutions =
prosecutions, principals = principles
Article 15: depraved = deprived, denyed = denied
Article 16: limmitation = limitation, religious = religion, dissolluttion = dissolution, consend = consent, fondmental =
fundamental
Article 17: asociattion = association, abitrarily = arbitrarily
Article 18: consience = conscience, believe = belief, practise = practice (in British English practise is a verb, and we need a
noun here), warship = worship
Article 19: inteferance = interference, frontears = frontiers
Article 20: asembly = assembly, cambelled = compelled
Exercise 3:
Suggested answers (these are simplified versions of Articles 21 – 30):
Article 21: Everyone has the right to take part in their country's political affairs either by belonging to the government
themselves or by choosing politicians who have the same ideas as them. Elections should take place regularly and voting
should be in secret. Every adult should have the right to vote and all votes should be equal.
Article 22: The society in which you live should help you to develop and to make the most of all the advantages (culture,
work, social welfare) which are offered to you. 
Article 23: Every adult has the right to a job, and to receive a salary that can support him / her and his / her family. Men and
women should get paid the same amount of money for doing the same job. Anyone can join a trade union.
Article 24: Everyone should have the right to rest from work and to take regular paid holidays.
Article 25: Everyone has the right to a good life, with enough food, clothing, housing and healthcare. You should be helped
if you are out of work, if you are ill, if you are old or if your husband or wife is dead. Women who are going to have a baby
should receive special help. All children should have the same rights, whether their mother is married or unmarried.
Article 26: Everyone has the right to go to school, and should go to school. Primary schooling should be free. Everyone
should be able to learn a profession or continue their studies as far as possible. Everyone should be taught to get on with
others from different races and backgrounds. Parents should have the right to choose how and what their children learn.
Article 27: Everyone should have the right to share in their community's arts and sciences. Works by artists, writers or
scientists should be protected, and everyone should benefit from them.
Article 28: So that your rights are respected, there should be an 'order' to protect them. This 'order' should be both local
and worldwide.
Article 29: Everyone should have duties towards their community and to other people. Human rights should be observed
and protected by everyone in a spirit of mutual respect.
Article 30: Nobody should take away these rights and freedoms from us.
In Europe, there is also the European Convention of Human Rights. This is a convention signed by all members of the
Council of Europe covering the rights of all its citizens. The key provisions are now covered by the Human Rights Act of 1998
(which came into force in the United Kingdom in 2000, although it does not form part of English law). The Convention
recognises property rights, religious rights, the right of citizens to privacy, the due process of law and the principle of legal
review.
Human rights 2 (pages 43 – 44)
Note that some of these are open to debate and interpretation, and you may not agree with all of them. Some other
circumstances may also be involved in each situation which are not mentioned. For the complete and original Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, visit www.unhchr.ch/udhr.
1. Article 26 2. Article 8 3. Article 10 4. Article 24 5. Article 16 6. Article 20 7. Article 11, and probably Article 12
72
Unit 0000
For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).
Answers 
(cont.)

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8. Articles 6 and 7 (and probably also Article 3) 9. Articles 9, 13, 15, 19 10. Article 13 11. Article 7 12. Article 17
13. Article 14 14. Article 21 15. Article 19, and probably Articles 3, 5 and 9 16. Article 12 17. Articles 19 and 20
18. Article 12 19. Articles 12 and 19 20. Article 16 21. Articles 20 and 23 22. Articles 22 and 25 23. Articles 3, 5
and 11 24. Article 9, and probably also Article 3 25. Article 5 26. Articles 3 and 4 27. Article 18 28. Article 13
29. Article 23
Legal Latin (page 45)
1. ipso jure 2. in flagrante delicto 3. prima facie (for example, There is a prima facie case to answer, so we will proceed