The pattern of noun compound is any root + noun. the second root must be a noun while the first root may be a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb. Example of noun compounds are as follows:
N + N (modifier-head) : ash-tray, arm-chair, text-book V + N (verb-object) : dare-devil, pick-pocket
Aj + N (modifier-head) : black-bird, hard-cover
Av + N (not syntactic) : after-thought, back-talk, down-grade
A noun phrase is made up of a noun and all its modifiers. A noun phrase can function as a subject, an object, or a complement. Some noun phrases start with an infinitive (to+verb) or a gerund (a verb+ing).
A verbal phrase is a verb form that is used as a noun or adjective. There are three types of verbal, they are gerunds, participles, and infinitives.
Gerunds
A gerund is a verbal noun (a verb form used as a noun), it has the same form as the present participle ( -ing added to it). For example, read is the verb, added by –ing to
form the word reading. In other example, swim added by –ing to form the word
swimming. Now, the following points on gerunds:
As a subject
Teaching is a noble proffession.
As a direct object John loves teaching
As an object of a preposition I’m fond of eating and drinking
As a predicate noun after a lingking verb Seeing is believing
As an appositive
His hobby, swimming, has helped to keep him healthy
Participles
A participle is a verb added by –ed and –ing. For example, work add with –ing to form the word working. The –ing form is an active adjective and the –ed form is a passive adjective. Now, we can look the other ways:
-ing form : his mother is working in a factory
-past participle : i was bored by the lecture
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