Comparison of China's direct investment in Asia, Europe and America 中国在亚洲、欧洲和美洲的经济和直接投资比较

1.3 Research problem statement
With the development of the economy and the stability of Central Asia, China’s FDI and the scale of imports and exports to Central Asian countries are showing an upward trend. Among the factors that promote economic growth, FDI and import and export trade are both very important. Whether FDI can drive import and export trade, and how much it can drive, is very necessary to promote the economic growth of China and Central Asian countries.
1.4 Research study
In recent years, China has gradually become one of the countries with the largest levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI has played a significant role in promoting Chinese economic development, and the FDI technology spillover effect is one of the core forces driving China towards reaching new growth milestones. Therefore, due to the country’s interest in development, there is competition for FDI throughout China.
The impacts of international trade on economic growth remain the prominent issues in both theoretical and policy context. The nexus of trade and economic growth has gained even more attention in recent years, considering the persistent and widespread differences in economic performance among countries, especially among developing countries in the wake of growing international trade integration). However, the empirical analyses are as inconclusive as the theoretical perspectives. For example, the study by Chang et al. and Zahonogo indicate that the effects of foreign trade on economic growth are conditional to the different structural characteristics of the economy. 
However, according to a study by Kim , foreign trade has significant adverse effects on developing countries. Furthermore, Baliamoune-Lutz and Matthew and Folasade found that international trade only had little significance on economic growth and implied that the domestic institutions’ weakness is responsible for enhancing the growth effect of international trade.
Likewise, the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is inconclusive. The FDI spillover to the host economy is significantly determined by the economy’s ability to benefit from FDI. Absorptive capacity indicates an economy’s capacity to absorb the opportunities spilled over by the FDI inflow . Hence, the role of FDI to enhance economic growth will depend on the domestic absorptive capacity of FDI-receiving countries.
The independence of the countries of Central Asia in 1991 meant for China's fundamental change in its own geopolitical environment: on the map small sovereign countries appeared, internal and external course and prospects developments of which are not yet clear. The Chinese government was confident that this
The region will play an important role for the PRC. In the same decade in Beijing realized the importance of Central Asia as a source of resources for the Chinese economy. The countries of the region - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan - are rich in deposits of hydrocarbons. It is especially important to understand this at this moment. economic development of China, when the economic slowdown directly associated with the problem of raw materials, namely the exhaustion of opportunities for extensive development within the country. Using the resources of the countries of Central Asia will help China to compensate for the internal deficit. It should be noted that Chinese investment in this region is closely related the idea of forming the "Silk Road Economic Belt", put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping and first voiced during his speech in Astana during the state visit to Kazakhstan in September 2013. As noted by Xi Jinping, China and the countries of the Central Asian region have a common strategic goal, consisting in the stable development of the economy, prosperity and power states. The Chinese leader stressed the need to "comprehensively strengthen practical interaction" and "convert the benefits of political dialogue, geographical proximity and economic complementarity into advantages cooperation, sustainable growth, building a community of interests based on mutual benefit and common gain." The One Belt, One Road policy aims to to improve existing and create new trade and transport routes, as well as economic corridors connecting more than 60 countries of Central Asia, Europe and Africa. Creating this path is the main goal foreign economic strategy of China, and Central Asia in connection with a convenient geographical location plays a key role in it. Today, China mainly buys oil from the Middle East.
Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of oil to China, supplying 370 million barrels per year (15% of China's oil imports). It is followed by Iraq - 235 million barrels (10%), Oman - 235 million barrels (10%), Iran - 198 million barrels (8%), Kuwait - 106 million barrels (4%) and the UAE - 92 million barrels (4%)5. But instability in the Middle East has a direct impact on the policy pursued by the Beijing authorities in the region. IN due to the fact that the US Navy controls the routes of transportation of oil from Persian Gulf, including in the direction of the South China Sea, China does not
feels comfortable, because in the event of an unfavorable development of events, for example, armed conflict with the United States, economic blockade, China may lose supplies Middle East oil and gas. In this regard, China is seeking to find alternative sources of oil imports, which are the countries of Central Asia. As can be seen from the above, Central Asia is extremely important for China in strategic and economic terms. Consider China's industries and investment volumes to these countries.
The main problem raised in the study is to review China's investment policy in the USA and European countries, and to analyze and compare China's investment policy in Central Asian countries based on their experience.