Content introduction chapter I: classification of games and activities

2.2.The impact of learning games and class activities in higher education institution.
Through playing games, students can learn English the way children learn their mother tongue without being aware they are studying; thus without stress, they can learn a lot even shy students can participate positively.So that, Fisrt of all they should know how to choose a game.
• A game must be more than just a fun.
• A game should involve "friendly" competition.
• A game should keep all of the students involved and interested.
• A game should encourage students to focus on the use of language rather than on the language itself.
• A game should give students a chance to learn, practice, or review specific language material.
Students may wish to play games purely for fun. Teachers, however, need more convincing reasons. Teachers need to consider which games to use, when to use them, how to link them up with the syllabus, text book or programmed, and how, more specifically, different games will benefit students in different ways. The key to a successful language game is that the rules are clear, the ultimate goal is well defined and the game must be fun. A dissertation was written on the role of word games in second language acquisition second language pedagogy, motivation and ludic tasks, the study attempted to determine the role of word games and student motivation in the second-language classroom environment; and to compare games with more traditional practices as effective learning tools. The games were selected for their adherence to principles of task-based instruction and communicative approaches to pedagogy. Results of the quantitative analysis showed that one game yielded results that lent support to the hypotheses that drive this study. Namely, learners who play certain types or word games will be more motivated to learn than learners who use more traditional activities; that games enhance the classroom environment, create a sense of community and enhance the learner / teacher relationship. Results for the remaining three games did not support the hypotheses. Those games yielded negative results concerning word games in pedagogy. The learners described those games as boring and pointless, learners stated that word games should not be integral part of the curriculum, and they sensed that their peers did not enjoy the games. However, results showed that having fun and creative activities, are highly valued. Demand is to guarantee opportunities widely in a way that meets individual needs and abilities.26 Expansion of access to higher education is also important from the perspective of individual self-realization. Through the diversification of higher education institutions, it is important for access to be expanded and for people’s diverse needs to be met. Diversification of higher education institutions is also necessary from the perspective of promoting lifelong learning.[12.4] Diversification of higher education institutions: Diversification in courses of study, distance education making use of information and communication technology, promotion of private education, regional universities that encompass several countries, etc. In addition, recently, the speed of innovation in knowledge and technology is getting faster and faster, and it is becoming necessary not only to receive higher education in the period following secondary education and before going out in society, but on an as-needed basis throughout ones life in order to acquire new knowledge and skills. A higher education where entrance requirements and course of study are flexible and there is “freedom of entry and departure” throughout ones life is needed as a place for lifelong learning, and diversification of higher education institutions for this purpose is progressing.[20,122]
Also, in developing countries, because basic infrastructure for academic activities - such as libraries and laboratories and laboratory equipment - are insufficient, there are not a few cases in which it is physically impossible to conduct research activities. Therefore, along with the development of researchers, it is important to raise the quality of research by building the foundation for research activities in a research environment with the needed facilities and equipment. However, if one doesn’t take care to consider the level of research at the institutions before providing these facilities or equipment, there is a chance they will not be used appropriately. Thus, one must take special care on this point. Also, recently, along with the above kinds of traditional facilities and equipment, securing access to online journals and appropriate research networks have also become a key part of the infrastructure for research. In addition, in developing countries, there are many cases where even at graduate schools in the sciences there is little consciousness of the importance of research and where research activities are not taking place.In addition, expanding opportunities to present research findings such as presentations at meetings of international academic societies and submissions to international academic journals are indispensable to encouraging and raising the quality of research. Together with this, on a domestic level, assistance for publication of university journals and academic journals, and establishment of academic societies can be considered important because they secure a means of presenting research findings to the outside world.